President Adams – President Jefferson (1796 – 1800) (1800 – 1808) Goal 1 Part 2 President Adams – President Jefferson (1796 – 1800) (1800 – 1808)

1796 Presidential election: Washington decides NOT to run for a third term: WHY? 1796 Election Federalists: John Adams (President) Anti-Federalists: Thomas Jefferson (VICE President) OUTCOME: Adams is elected, and Jefferson is (VP) *Outcome: ____________________________________ SPLIT in opposing parties *** SECTIONALISM *** placing the interests of one region over the nation North – votes for Adams / South – votes for Jefferson Abigail Adams (John Adams’ wife) “Remember the Ladies” title of a very important letter written to remind her husband of women’s struggle for rights and collective activism

Adams as President Like Washington, wants to AVOID War France – mad at America Reasons why the French are mad: (1) Pinckney’s TREATY (Spain) (2) Jay’s TREATY (British) (3) French REVOLUTION (no support) French response: capture American ships bound for Britain ____________________ Adams sends 3 delegates to “talk it out / calm down” to FRANCE Leads to the ********XYZ AFFAIR********** (looming war with France )

XYZ AFFAIR (1797) American reaction: (1) avoid war (2) 3 American delegates or officials are rejected by the French! Charles Pinckney / John Marshall / Elbridge Gerry French reaction: XYZ = 3 “secret” Frenchmen that represented the French government (1) $12 million loan from America (2) Personal apology from President Adams (2) bribes America by demanding $250,000 payment in order to stop “bullying” America and seizing American ships (impressments)= American reaction to bribe: America NEVER paid a thing! “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute” (Rather fight than honor bribes)

Results of XYZ Affair (1797) (all under President Adams) (1) Washington was brought out of retirement to lead new Army against the French “Commander in Chief of armies raised or to be raised” (2) UNDECLARED WAR BETWEEN THE U.S AND THE FRENCH (3) Nativism – anti immigrant feeling / major support for your own country (escalates) (4) Nationalism – deep devotion or pride in one’s country (escalates) (5) Creation of the U.S. Navy

T. Q. Which statement best describes relations between the U. S T.Q. Which statement best describes relations between the U.S. and France in the late 1790s? A. They were strong allies B. They were on the verge of war C. They were mutually respectful D. They had little contact *Due to what major event??

Adams as President 1796 – 1800 ***********Judiciary Act of 1801********* - increased the number of circuit court justices by 16 *Midnight Judges* midnight before Adams left office, he appointed FEDERALIST Judges to the Circuit Courts – WHY????????? Problem: Jefferson is president the next day Jefferson DOES NOT like the Federalist judges! Who is being left out? _________________________

MARBURY vs. MADISON (1803) Marbury = Midnight Judge Sect of State (James Madison) was supposed to deliver papers according the Judiciary Act of 1789. Marbury never got papers and sued John Marshall (Chief Justice of the Supreme Court) ruled Marbury’s claim was UNCONSTITUTIONAL OVERALL OUTCOME: ***JUDICIAL REVIEW*** – the ability for the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress Unconstitutional

John Marshall and the Supreme Court Adams as President appointed John Marshall (Federalist) as Chief Justice of Supreme Court *MOST IMPORTANT: John Marshall wanted to INCREASE the size and power of the federal government over the states & increase power in the Supreme Court Who supports this? __________

Alien & Sedition Acts (1798) Main purpose: a growing threat of France against the U.S. government Alien Acts – (1) raised the residence requirements for American citizenship from 5 to 14 years (2) MOST foreign people would vote for Democratic-Republicans! Sedition Acts (Ex. Treason) Set fines or jail time for anyone AGAINST the operation of the American government (CAN’T CRITICIZE THE GOVERNMENT) Result: Jailed a lot of Democratic – Republicans (didn’t support a strong central government) * What level of government gains more power? _______________ VERY IMPORTANT: 2 Arguments: (1) Violated the First Amendment rights of free speech (citizen's rights) (2) Dem-Republicans – claims the Alien and Sed. Acts are a COMPLETE MISUSE OF FEDERAL POWER

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Jeffersonian / Democratic – Republicans HATED the Alien and Sedition Acts (Due to: misuse of federal power) so……… Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions Virginia & Kentucky Resolution: An organized opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts (why?) State ARGUMENT: Compact Theory (13 states, under contract, committed to the creation of the Federal court system *** The states created the federal system, the federal system creates the laws, therefor the states have the right to….. Nullification theory / Compact theory / “States’ Rights Theory” ********* NULLIFICATION ********* established in the V and K Res. = states have the right to nullify, or void, ANY act of Congress that they see unconstitutional Federal ARGUMENT / Counteracting the Compact Theory: The PEOPLE, not the states, created the federal government – so democratic voting should take place instead of the entire state not adopting a law form the federal government Connection to Reconstruction and Lincoln:

President Thomas Jefferson 1800-1808 1800 Presidential election = FIRST Democratic-Republican President Adams – Federalist vs. Jefferson – Dem-Rep. *Bloodless/Peaceful Revolution = “peaceful transfer of power” from one political party to another (Federalist to Dem-Rep) *Nickname for 1800 presidential election *NO POLITICAL STRIFE UNTIL 1824 (CORRUPT BARGAIN) Major platform: (1) Downsize the influence of the national government (simplify it – best for a republic) (2) try to dispose of the Bank of the U.S. (why?) 2 reasons (3) Represent the South (STATES) Result of election: Federalists began to despise politics

Louisiana Purchase and Jefferson Land from Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains 1800, Spain sold the Louisiana Territory to FRANCE - French rule could take over the mid-continent ????? French decide to sell the territory to America!!!15 MILLION

******Jefferson’s views on Louisiana Purchase****** Jefferson’s STRICT interpretation of the Constitution made him doubt the purchase T.Q. = Why was Jefferson apprehensive about the Louisiana Purchase??? *Importance: Doubled the size of America

Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804) Commissioned by Jefferson Purpose: Explore West and make new maps (St. Louis to Pacific through OREGON Country = unexplored) Sacajawea = Native American guide Zebulon Pike = Spanish territory to California

Positive and Negative Chart (Goal 1 Part 1 and 2) Directions: Argue the Positive AND Negative aspects of each topic / issue Federal Government Power State Government power Bank of the United States / Hamilton’s Economic plan Protective Tariffs Excise taxes Neutrality Pinckney’s Treaty Jay’s Treaty Election of John Adams Abigail Adams XYZ Affair Adams’ appointment of the “midnight judges” Marbury V. Madison “Marshall Court” Alien & Sedition Acts Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions Presidential election of Thomas Jefferson in 1800 Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark (Pike) Expedition