2 nd 9 weeks Exam review Life Science 2014

1. Who was the first scientist to observe living cells under the microscope? Leeuwenhoek

2. A compound microscope with a 10x eyepiece and a 20x objective has a magnification of 200X

3. How well structures close together can be distinguished is known as resolution

4. List the 3 tenants of the cell theory. All living things are composed of cells. All cells are produced from other cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

5. What is the function of a cell wall? To protect, support, and give shape to the cell

6. Which organelle is the control center of a cell? nucleus

7. Small, grain like bodies called ______ produce proteins inside cells. ribosomes

8. List 3 organelles that plant cells have, but animal cells do not. Cell wall Chloroplasts Large central vacuole

9. The DNA, containing all the instructions for a cell’s function, is contained in what organelle? nucleus

10. What is the function of a cell membrane? Controls what goes in and out of the cell

11. In what organelle is the energy from food molecules converted into energy the cell can use? mitochondria

12. A ______________ is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. tissue

13. The mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving things is known as ___________________. Spontaneous generation

14. What two scientists helped to demonstrate that living things do not arise from nonliving material? Pasteur and Redi

15. What is the broadest level of classification? domain

16. Why are bacteria and archaea placed in separate kingdoms? Their structure and chemical make-up differs.

17. What 3 characteristics are used to place organisms into kingdoms? Ability to make food Cell type Number of cells in their body

18. Name the 3 domains used in the modern system of classification. Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

19. Which kingdom contains only multicellular heterotrophs? Animals

20. Which kingdoms include both unicellular and multicellular organisms? Fungi and protists

21. An organism whose cells lack a nucleus is called a(n) ____________________. prokaryote

22. The naming system developed by Linnaeus is called ______________. Binomial nomenclature

23. The process of grouping things based on their similarities is called ___________________________. classification

24. A group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce is called _______. A species

25. The scientific study of how living things are classified is ________________________. taxonomy

26. An organism’s scientific name consists of its ________________ name and its _________________ name. Genus species

27. The first word in an organism’s scientific name is its __________________________. genus

28. An organism that makes its own food is called a (n) ____________________. autotroph

29. The more classification levels that two organisms share, the more ____________ they have in common. characteristics

30. ________________________ keys can be used to help determine the identity of organisms. Taxonomic

31. What contribution of Charles Darwin had a major impact on classification? His theory of evolution

32. What is the reproductive structure of most gymnosperms? Cones

33. What is the reproductive structure of most angiosperms? Flowers

34. List the stages of incomplete metamorphosis. Egg, nymph, adult

35a. Name some animals that reproduce asexually via budding. Bacteria Hydra Sponges Jellyfish Sea anenomes Worms Starfish (Ribosomes produce proteins)

35b. Ribosomes produce _______. proteins

36. What type of reproduction requires a mate? Sexual

37. What is an advantage of sexual reproduction? the offspring have more genetic variation

38. The joining of an egg cell and a sperm cell is called ____________________. fertilization

39. Fertilization that takes place inside the female organism’s body is called ___________________ fertilization. internal

40. A body form that looks like an open umbrella is the __________________. medusa

41. An immature form of an animal that looks very different from the adult is the ______________________. larva

42. A body form that looks like an upright vase is the ______________________. polyp

43. The process whereby a tadpole changes into a frog is called ______________________. Complete metamorphosis

44. Name 3 organisms that lay amniotic eggs. Vertebrates that live on land (birds and reptiles)

45. Where does a placental mammal develop before its body systems can function independently? Inside its mother’s body

46. The period between fertilization and birth is a mammal’s ______________ period. gestation

47. An offspring that is genetically identical to its parent is the result of __________________ reproduction. asexual

48. Name the two stages of a plant’s life cycle. Sporophyte Gametophyte

49. The stage of a plant’s life cycle that produces egg and sperm cells is called the _________________ generation. gametophyte

50. The part of a woody stem that forms rings that indicate the tree’s age is the ____________________. xylem

51. What part of a woody stem produces new vascular tissue? cambium

52. Gases pass in and out of a leaf through the _______________. Stomata (singular stoma)

53. What part of a plant transports water and nutrients from the root to the plant’s stem and leaves? xylem

54. Tiny extensions on the root of a plant that help a plant absorb water and nutrients are called ______________. Root hairs

55. Name 3 functions of roots. Anchor the plant Absorb minerals and water Store food (sometimes)

56. What happens to transpiration when a plant’s stomata are closed? Slows down

57. _______________fertilization is common for organisms that live in water. External

58. Why must ferns live in a moist environment? So that egg and sperm can join

59. In order for seed germination to occur, the seed must absorb _____________. water

60. The process by which water evaporates from a plant’s leaves is known as ________________. transpiration

61. The part of a leaf that reduces evaporation is the _______________. cuticle

62. Draw a flower (p. 203) and label the sepals, petals, stigma, style, ovary, anther, and filament.

63. Label a cross section of a leaf (cuticle, chloroplasts, epithelial cells, xylem (purple), phloem (yellow), stoma, palisade cells, and vein.