The Middle Ages From the Roman Empire to 1500

The Early Middle Ages From

Europe in Early Middle Ages 768 A.D

Christian Church Middle Ages begins after fall of Roman Empire Much disorder in Europe Church became stronger and spread through Europe Church led by the Pope (father)

Pope St. Gregory the Great 590 A.D.

Role of the Christian Church Organized territories Governing law Settled disputes Gained great wealth and land Determined Latin as written language Some Christians became hermits and joined together to form monastaries

Monastaries Monks –Committed to God –Prayed 5 hours a day –Committed to simple living –Centre of learning –Copied books by hand

Monastary Church Refectory Dormitory Library Scriptorium Infirmary Guest House

Feudal System System of owning land Land owned by lords and worked by serfs Serfs had to pay rent and taxes to the lord. Life was short and few lived past the age of 40.

Manor Life

The Manor A world within itself. Included several villages and many acres of farmland. Things that were needed were grown or made on the manor. This meant that money was not needed to buy goods. It also meant that most people seldom left the manor during their entire lives.

Knights Sons of lords Page: Age seven. left home to live an train in a knight's household. There he learned to behave with courtesy and handle small weapons. Squire: ages of 15 to 20. The squire was blessed by a priest and given a sword and a belt. The young noble began to ride into battle alongside the knight.

Knight: Becoming a knight marked "graduation." In a special ceremony he knelt before the king who dubbed him a knight by tapping him with a sword three times.

Problems with Manor Life Infertile Soil Crude farming tools Shortage of Food Famine Epidemics Decrease in population

Islam in the Arab States Religion founded by prophet Muhammed from Mecca in early 600 AD Means submission to God Followers are Muslims Faith spread quickly in Arab States Wanted to conquer surrounding territories to spread religion

What did this cause? Tension between the two cultures

The Crusades Islam and Christian engage in holy warfare

Eight Crusades First Crusade in 1095 captures Jerusalem Led by knights Later crusades failed Many commoners joined the later crusades

Effects of the Crusades Trade stimulated Soldiers returned to Europe with rare goods, spices and silk fabrics New clothing styles emerged New technologies brought back to Europe from more advanced Muslim civilization However, great hostility between Christians and Islams remained

The Late Middle Ages From

Countries in the Middles Ages

Positive Changes The Growth of Towns Nobles began to spend less time in battle and more time on the manors. Nobles increased their farmlands and crop surpluses occurred. Towns developed to provide a marketplace for the surpluses. The marketplaces flourished with European traders exchanging goods like grains, wool cloth, and wine for spices and silk from Asia and Africa.

Lifestyle

Church Remained powerful 500 cathedrals built in Europe Gothic Style architecture Gargoyles Religion was the focus of everyday life

Gothic Style

However

The Black Death Caused by a rat flea brought from the orient back to Europe through tradesmen High fever and black spots 1/3 of Europe’s population died within three years

Path of the Plague

Effect on Europe

The Black Plague

Post Plague and Crusades Population needed to increase Increased trade Rise of social classes Looking to the future……. And rebirth……

Sources east.mesa.k12.co.us/library/images/KIRK6479Cu bss.sfsu.edu/jrodriguez/courses/331/331image.jpg