Unification of Italy 1830 - 1870

Italian Unification Between 1830 and 1848 Italians tried several times to overthrow foreign monarchs, but were unsuccessful Italy was eventually unified through two efforts, one in the north and one in the south. The motivation for Italian unification was increasing nationalism A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one’s country, its language, culture and history

Italian Unification The Italian kingdoms were divided into 9 states at the Congress of Vienna

Encouraged people to see themselves as part of a nation The beginnings of Italian Unification Encouraged people to see themselves as part of a nation Giuseppe Mazzini The “heart” of Italian reunification Starting in 1831, he wrote many articles and gave speeches in favor of Italian reunification

Northern Unification Count Camilo Benso di Cavour The “brain” of Italian unification Prime Minister of Sardinia Worked to improve economy Used money to strengthen Sardinia’s army From 1852 - 1859, he gradually took over the northern states of Italy

Southern Unification Giuseppe Garibaldi The “sword” of Italian unification His army was nicknamed the “Red Shirts” Led his army to victory over French forces in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies from 1860 - 1861 Gave the territory to the King of Sardinia

“Red Shirts” (Garibaldi in center) Southern Unification “Red Shirts” (Garibaldi in center)

Italian Unification 1861 – Northern and Southern Italy are united 1866 – the northern province of Venetia is added 1870 – Papal States are added to Italy Rome is made the nation’s capital Italy was unified and King Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia was declared its king.

Italian unification was accomplished over several decades

Italian Unification Review: For Italy in the 1800s, nationalism had positive effects. How could nationalism sometimes have negative effects?