1. ITALIAN
NATIONALISM
and the creation
of united
ITALY

3. The Kingdom of Italy was ruled by Napoleon, Naples by his brother-in-law and Rome by the Pope

4. The Congress of Vienna restored the states and old monarchies in 1815

5. Nationalism began to rise-resorgimento- resurgence

6. Three ideas for unification emerged: Republic, Monarchy, The Pope

7. Giuseppe Mazzini formed the Young Italy movement in 1831 to drive out foreign rule and create a Republic of Italy

8. The Kingdom of Sardinia became the hope of monarchists
King Victor Emmanuel I
The Kingdom of Sardinia became the hope of monarchists

9. Some favored unification under the Pope
Vincenzo Gioberti
Pope Pius IX
Some favored unification under the Pope

10. 1848: Italian Nationalists rose in revolt against state governments

11. Mazzini and Garibaldi declared the Republic of Italy in Rome, 1848

12. The Revolutions of failed: The French restored Pope Pius IX; Austria regained Lombardy and Venetia

13. Count Camilo di Cavour, Prime Minister of Sardinia, became the leader of the pragmatic movement to unite Italy

14. Cavour’s goal: Unite Italy under the Constitutional Monarchy of Sardinia

15. Cavour and Sardinia allied with Napoleon III and France to drive Austria out of Italy

16. 1859: France and Sardinia drove Austria out of Lombardy

17. Garibaldi and his Red Shirts conquered Sicily and Naples

18. Garibaldi met Victor Emmanuel II; Naples was annexed to Italy

19. Right foot in the boot this time.
British cartoon showing the roles of Garibaldi and King Victor Emmanuel II in uniting Italy
Right foot in the boot this time.

20. After the Seven Weeks’ War, 1866, Italy gained Venetia as the ally of victorious Prussia

21. Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was crowned King of Italy, March 1861

22. The French army remained in Italy until France declared war on Prussia, July 1870

23. When the French withdrew, the Papal States were annexed to the Kingdom of Italy, September 1870

24. “I must surrender the sword, my son, but I keep the keys!”
Pope Pius IX refused to recognize the annexation of the Papal States. He became the ‘Prisoner of the Vatican’.Italia Irredenta: added after World War IItalia Irredenta:
“I must surrender the sword, my son, but I keep the keys!”

25. Italy and the Vatican settled their differences in the Lateran Pact of 1929.

26. Garibaldi: “The Sword” Victor Emmanuel II: “The Sovereign”
Italian Nationalist Heroes
Cavour: “The Head”
Mazzini: “The Soul”
Garibaldi: “The Sword”
Victor Emmanuel II: “The Sovereign”

27. Summary of Italian Unification
Nationalism was set in motion by Napoleonic Wars
Congress of Vienna re-established separate states; Austria became the dominant power
Piedmont-Sardinia emerged as the state to lead Italian unification
Giuseppe Mazzini was the inspiring leader of Italian Nationalism
Giuseppe Garibaldi was the untiring, dedicated creator of the force that created Italy
Camilo Benso di Cavour was the practitioner of realpolitik who made the practical moves necessary for unification; Constitutional monarchy was the compromise
Uprisings, revolutions and wars in 1820, 1830, 1848, , 1866, 1870 and created the nation
Not until 1929 were Italy and the Catholic Church reconciled

28. The End