Reproduction

Hormones  Estrogen  Produced by ovaries  Stimulates development of female secondary sex characteristics  Affect the menstrual cycle  More dominate in females, males have some as well.

More hormones  Testosterone  Produces the male secondary sex characteristics

Female Reproductive System  Consists of organs in the female boy that are involved in producing offspring  External Structures  Mons Veneris; fatty tissues that covers the pubic bone and serves as a cushion  Labia Majora; heavy folds of skin that surround the opening of the vagina  Labia Minora; two smaller folds of skin located within the labia majora

Female Reproductive System  External Continued  Clitoris  a small highly sensitive structure located above the opening of the urethra and the vagina within the labia majora.  Hymen  a thin membrane that stretches across the opening of the vagina

Female Reproduction System  Internal  Ovaries  female reproductive glands that produce ova and estrogen  Born with between 200,000 and 400,000  About 375 of these will mature and be released during the females lifetime  Fallopian Tubes  About 4 inches or 10 centimeters long  They connect an ovary to the uterus

Female Reproductive System  Internal continued  Fallopian Tubes (cont.)  During menstruation, a mature ovum moves through the tube to the uterus  When fertilization occurs, it’s usually in the F.T.  If ovum is not fertilized it either leaves the body or disintegrates  Uterus  receives and supports fertilized egg during pregnancy and helps during child birth

Female Reproduction System  Internal Structures, continued  Cervix  Lowest part of the uterus  Connects the uterus to the vagina  Vagina  Muscular tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body  Serves as the female organ for sexual intercourse, birth canal, and passageway for the menstrual flow

Male Reproductive System  External Structures  Penis  Male sex organ used for reproduction and urination  Scrotum  A sac-like pouch that holds the testes  Regulate the temperature of the testes  Testes  Male reproductive glands  Produce sperm and testosterone  Sperm  Male reproductive cells

Male Reproductive System  Internal Structures  Seminiferous Tubules  Network of coiled tubules in which sperm are produced  Epididymis  Comma-shaped structure along the upper rear surface of the testes  Where sperm are stored and mature

Male Reproductive System  Internal Structures cont.  Vas deferens  Two long, thin tubes  Act as a passageway for sperm  Extend from the epididymis in the scrotum up into the abdomen  Walls are lined with cilia, help move the sperm  Seminal Vesicles  Two small glands that secrete a fluid rich in sugar that nourish the sperms and helps them move

Male Reproductive System  Ejaculatory Duct  Short straight tube  Passes from the prostate gland an dopens in the urethra  Serves as a passageway for the sperm and urine to leave the body  Prostate Gland  Produces a fluid that helps keep sperm alive  Located beneath the bladder and surrounds the urethra  Cowper’s Gland  Two small glands that secrete a clear, lubricating fluid in the urethra

Male Reproductive System  Erection  Process that occurs when the penis swells with blood and elongates  May be accompanied with ejaculation  Ejaculation  Passage of semen from the penis  Result of a series of muscular contractions  Average amount, 1 teaspoon  33 mph