Classification

Linnaeus was the scientist who developed scientific naming system. Linnaeus’s System of Classification Classification is a way to organize living things into groups according to characteristics. Kingdom Taxonomy – classifying organisms and assigning scientific names. Phylum Why use a scientific name? Because many organisms have several common names that vary due to region or cultures and it becomes confusing… Class How to write a scientific name: Genus species Order Notice only the first letter is capitalized while everything else is lowercase. Both words must be underlined unless written in cursive or italics, then no underline is used. Family Ex. Puma, cougar, panther, mountain lion, ghost cat – all the same animal… Genus Species …But the scientific name stays the same no matter where you go Ex. Felis concolor is the scientific name for a mountain lion. Comprise scientific name aka binomial nomenclature

Classification of Ursus Arctos All encompassing – many organisms at Kingdom level Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star King KINGDOM Animalia Philip PHYLUM Chordata Came As you move down the levels, the animals become more and more specific to the level CLASS Mammalia Over ORDER Carnivora For FAMILY Ursidae Good GENUS Ursus Only ONE organism at Species level Soup SPECIES Ursus arctos

Traditional Classification vs. Cladogram Appendages Conical Shells Crustaceans Gastropod Crab Barnacle Limpet Crab Barnacle Limpet Molted exoskeleton Incorrect ! Segmentation Tiny free-swimming larva Ancestor TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION CLADOGRAM Based on “looks” of organisms

Traditional Classification vs. Cladogram Appendages Conical Shells Crustaceans Gastropod = derived character – characteristics that appear in recent lineage, but not in older members. Crab Barnacle Limpet Crab Barnacle Limpet Sessile Molted exoskeleton Correct! Segmentation Tiny free-swimming larva Ancestor TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION CLADOGRAM Based on Evolutionary Path and DNA

Bacteria! 6 Kingdoms! NO nucleus Nucleus Living Things Eukaryotic cells Prokaryotic cells NO nucleus are characterized by Nucleus Important characteristics and differing which place them in Domain Eukarya Cell wall structures such as which is subdivided into which place them in * Kingdom Plantae * Kingdom Protista * Kingdom Fungi * Kingdom Animalia Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea which coincides with which coincides with * Kingdom Eubacteria * Kingdom Archaebacteria 6 Kingdoms!

Key Characteristics of Kingdoms Both Bacterial Kingdoms Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Streptococcus, Escherichia coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Methanogens, halophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Eukarya Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Multicellular Autotroph Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Animalia Eukaryote No cell walls or chloroplasts Multicellular Heterotroph Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals

Cladograms of Six Kingdoms Bacteria DOMAIN ARCHAEA Fungi Animalia Plantae DOMAIN EUKARYA Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia DOMAIN BACTERIA Protista