Europe in the Middle Ages Chapter 14 Europe in the Middle Ages

Terms to know: Knight, Middle Ages, medieval, feudalism, manor, serf

I. Feudalism and the Manor System Read page 394 Create a hierarchy (consisting of 3 levels) based on the 3rd paragraph ___________

A. Middle Ages 1. The Middle Ages is the time period between ancient times (c. 500) and modern times (c. 1500). 2. This time period is aka as the Medieval Period. (Latin for Middle Ages)

Middle Ages- Times of Castles…

Collapse of Roman Empire The Middle Ages began with the collapse of the Roman Empire in Western Europe. The Roman Empire collapsed from invasions from the North. (The Vikings and the Franks.)

Map of Invasions Franks

King of the Franks In 768 a skilled military leader named Charlemagne became King of the Franks. He expanded the kingdom by taking over weaker kingdoms and ruled for 50 years. He established schools and promoted learning He spread Christianity He issued money and improved the economy.

Castle in Heidelberg Charlemagne

Kingdom Falls After Charlemagne's death- his kingdom was divided into 3 parts. One for each of his sons and soon after the kingdoms were taken over by other stronger kingdoms.

Feudal System What was feudalism? By c. 1000 feudalism was firmly in place as a social hierarchy system. The power belonged to the people who controlled most of the land. The nobles gave fiefs (feefs)to their vassals. A vassal is a holder of land by feudal tenure. Summarize the feudal duties. Pg. 397

The Manor System What is manorialism? What are the roles of the lord of the manor? What are the roles of noblewomen? Summarize the plight of the poor… pg. 398-399

Lesson 2 The Church and the Rise of Cities Terms to know: clergy, excommunication, guild, apprentice, chivalry, troubadour

The Church and the Rise of Cities Gothic Style Church Rural Village Church

During the Middle Ages in Europe almost all of the people were Roman Catholic- the Roman Catholic Church had so much influence during this time it was often referred to as the Church. Medieval Churches Huge Medieval churches dominated the landscape in Europe both in the cities and in the villages. A Cathedral served as a meeting place, house of worship and even a school. Gothic Cathedrals were built in Western Europe between 1100 and 1400. .

Churches Religious and Economic Power Life was difficult and hard during the Middle Ages. Christians were comforted that they would enjoy the rewards of heaven if they lived right lives but they also knew if they did not live right lives they would be punished after death. The church also gained economic power by collecting taxes. The church also took fiefs from lords in exchange for services performed by the clergy. The church became the largest land owner in Europe during this time. HUMMMM…

Political Power of the Church Church officials were advisors to the Kings and lords… Since the Church had influence over religious and economic matters- the Church was able to take on many roles of ___________. The church also made laws and _____________________ to enforce them. The church also threatened excommunication to anyone who did not obey the church’s rules. Political Power of the Church The Church also used its influence to limit feudal warfare in the 1100’s.

Middle Ages Clergy What is monasticism? Religious communities helped improve the economy of the Middle Ages by developing better ways to grow crops and tend to livestock. Monks transcribed religious texts from ancient times. Convents gave women the chance to become educated.

Trade Revives and Towns Grow During the Middle Ages, trade began to recover, people felt safe to travel to other areas. European merchants traveled and brought goods back to sell first at small markets then at trade fairs. During this time, manors became overcrowded and could not provide basic needs for the peasants. Many lords allowed peasants to buy their freedom and move to the new towns.

Life in towns and cities Around 1300 towns were growing into cities. Paris had a population of 300,000. The largest city in the world for that time. How many people live in Southaven?... Population in July 2009: 45,395 Towns and cities were not self-sufficient and depended on an exchange of money for goods and services. The new Middle Class developed during this time too… nobles, MIDDLE CLASS, peasants.

Role of Guilds The role of a guild was to allow merchants, traders, and craftworkers to determine quality and quantity of goods to be sold. Define guild- Guilds set prices prevented outsiders from selling goods in town Determined quality of goods Guild members paid dues

How to become a member of a guild. Other important things you should know… http://www.insecta-inspecta.com/fleas/bdeath/Black.html link to the Black Death the three types of plagues. The Bubonic plague wiped out one-third of Europe’s population between 1347-1351. How to become a member of a guild. What are the steps to become a guild member?

Medieval Culture Growing cities attracted traveling scholars to the cathedral schools. Life was chronicled by troubadours and chivalry was the code of the day… What is chivalry and what are troubadours?

Lesson 3 The Crusades What does crusade mean? Terms to know: Holy Land, Crusades, Jerusalem, pilgrim, Turks, nation, Magna Carta, Model Parliament, Hundred Years’ War, Joan of Arc, Henry VIII

The Crusades On page 409- Pope Urban II called the people of Europe to war. Why would a pope call the people to war? Isn’t that the job of a king? Read on and explain why the pope called the people to war. Define Holy Land and note its location.

The Crusades What were the Crusades? The word comes from crux, the Latin term for “cross.” People who carried the Christian cross into battle against the non-Christian enemy were called crusaders. What was the cause of the Crusades?

The Crusades What city in the Holy Land attracted religious pilgrims? Why did the Christians travel to the Holy Land? Why would this place be considered holy? Jerusalem, to worship and walk the same places as Jesus and people from the Bible.

The Cause for the Crusades For centuries, Europeans made the trip to visit the Holy Land; however in the 1000’s things began to change. The Arab Muslims who have always controlled this area had been taken over by a group of people called the Seljuk Turks. This group would sometimes attack Christian pilgrims from Europe and closed the routes to Jeruslaem.