Chapter 6 Section 2

Introduction 1 Click the Speaker button to replay the audio.

 Saratoga marked the turning point of the war ◦ France realized that America could win the war ◦ Benjamin Franklin went to Paris for a year ◦ France secretly gave money to the Patriots ◦ After Saratoga, France announced its support openly ◦ 1778 – France and the Patriots worked out a trade agreement and alliance  France sent money, troops, and equipment to Patriots  Spain – (1779) declares war on Britain ◦ Bernardo de Galvez – governor of Louisiana ◦ Won battles at Baton Rouge, Natchez, Mobile (1780), and Pensacola (1781)

 Valley Forge – 20 miles west of British ◦ Washington and troops endured a tough winter ◦ Little food, shelter, or clothes ◦ Deserted – left without permission ◦ Marquis de Lafayette – French nobleman who became an advisor to Washington ◦ Friedrich von Steuben – former German officer who taught the Army discipline ◦ Juan de Miralles - representative of Spain who gave money and raised money for the Patriots  Economics – money becomes a problem ◦ Congress started printing paper money ◦ But, it had no gold reserves to “back” or support it ◦ Inflation – needing more money to buy the same amount of goods

“Whilst you are proclaiming peace and goodwill to men... you insist upon retaining [keeping] an absolute power over wives.” Abigail Adams, in a letter to her husband John around the time of the signing of the Declaration of Independence This feature can be found on pages 170–171 of your textbook.

 Attitudes Change – men at war = women at work ◦ Judith Sargeant Murray – argued in an education essay that woman’s minds are as good as man’s ◦ Abigail Adams – championed women’s rights  Neighbors – Loyalists ◦ Shunned, victims of mob violence, tried as traitors ◦ Only a few were executed  Citizenship – Equality? ◦ Slavery begins to be questioned ◦ New Jersey Governor William Livingston asked to free all enslaved people in the state  “It is utterly inconsistent with the principles of Christianity and humanity” ◦ New Hampshire – African Americans ask for freedom ◦ African Americans fought in many battles for freedom ◦ Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania attempt to end slavery in their states

Section 2-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What did Governor William Livingston of New Jersey mean when he said in 1778 that slavery was “utterly inconsistent with the principles of Christianity and humanity”? Possible answer: Slavery took away a person’s rights and freedoms, and thus went against the ideals for which the colonies fought against Britain. In fact, the governor felt so strongly that he asked the New Jersey legislature to free all enslaved people in the state. Life on the Home Front (cont.) (pages 175–176)

Section 2-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding __ 1.a continuous rise in the price of goods and services __ 2.to leave without permission A.desert B.inflation Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. B A