Changes in Cotton Production What invention might caused this change?

Slaves Using the Cotton Gin

What is this cartoonist’s opinions of slavery

What is this cartoonist’s opinion of slavery? 1817: 1 st organized anti- slavery/emancipation movement American Colonization Society – proposed returning freed slaves to Africa Jeffery Swag Howard is awesome!!

Antislavery I.Explain the conditions slaves faced Clothes distributed twice a year, shoes only in winter ½ of slave babies died before age 1 Women = threatened by sexual abuse II.Who were the reformers? Angelina and Sarah Grimke Frederick Douglass (published The North Star) William Lloyd Garrison (published The Liberator) Gradualism to Abolition: Many proposed a gradual end to slavery by prohibiting it in the Western territories; some proposed MANUMISSION – freeing of slaves voluntarily

Antislavery Reformers Raised in the South on a plantation; after witnessing the injustices of slavery, began speaking out against it (called for the abolition of slavery); among the 1 st females abolitionists to speak out against slavery Born a slave in Maryland; separated from his mother when only a few weeks old. Taught to read by a female owner (though forbidden); escaped slavery by impersonating a sailor Though an unpopular point of view, advocated for the immediate emancipation of all slaves; gained a reputation for being one of the most radical abolitionists

Antislavery III. What did the reformers propose as a solution? Abolition: END to slavery “Back to Africa” Movement: est. Liberia as a colony for free black Americans IV. What tactics did anti-slavery reformers support? Nat Turner’s Rebellion: slaves in VA killed white families and recruited slaves as they walked Underground Railroad: network of safe escape routes to Canada Missouri Compromise: law that limited slavery to states below the 36’30 latitude line

Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

Risks facing runaways

Missouri Compromise, 1820

Describe the Victorian woman

The Cult of Domesticity “A really sensible woman feels her dependence. She does what she can, but she is conscious of her inferiority and therefore grateful for support” “A wife should occupy herself only with domestic affairs- wait till your husband confides to you those of high importance- and do not give your advice until he asks for it. At all times she should behave in a manner becoming a woman, who had not arms other than gentleness. Thus, if he is abusive, never retort.” “Females should become as little children and avoid a controversial spirit”

“That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud- puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain’t I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And ain’t I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man – when I could get it – and bear the lash as well! And ain’t I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother’s grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain’t I a woman?” How does “that man over there” think women should be treated? Sojourner Truth make the point that “Nobody ever helps me...” She says this not as a complaint, but as a point. How does she prove that she is as tough as any man (if not tougher!)?

“Then that little man in black there, he says women can’t have as much rights as men, ‘cause Christ wasn’t a woman! Where did your Christ come from? Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him. If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down all alone, these women together ought to be able to turn it back, and get it right side up again! And now they is asking to do it, the men better let them.” Why does “that little man in black” think women are inferior to men? Sojourner Truth references two women that play significant roles in the Christian religion (Mary and Eve). How do these particular women give credibility to Sojourner Truth’s argument?

Women’s Rights I.Explain the problem women faced Expected to be pure, pious, domestic, and obedient 2 nd class citizens – cannot vote, control property/ children, initiate divorce, make wills, sign contracts Victims of domestic abuse II.Who were the reformers Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony Sojourner Truth Declaration of Sentiments III.What did the reformers propose as a solution Suffrage = enfranchisement for women (right to vote) Repeal all laws placing women in “inferior position”

Women’s Rights Reformers Quaker advocating anti-slavery and women’s rights Along with Mott, led the women’s rights convention at Seneca Falls in 1848; writer of the Declaration of Sentiments Quaker, active in the temperance movement (though forbidden to participate in rallies); through a friendship with Stanton became active in the women’s rights and abolitionist movements Born into slavery; took her name ‘Sojourner Truth’ believing it to be on the instruction of the Spirit; became a travelling preacher. Connected with the abolitionist and women’s rights movements

The Lyceum Committeemen’s Dream