Describing Matter

Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Describing Matter Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. “Stuff” that makes up everything in the universe.

Describing Matter What exactly is matter? Look at its properties All substances have properties. More properties we ID, the more we know

I. How can we describe matter? Descriptions of matter 1. color 2. shape 3. size 4. texture 5. flammability 6. Melting point 7. Boiling point Can ONLY ONE of these be used to identify matter?

Similarly – matter has properties Characteristic Properties – properties that remain the same regardless of the amount of matter you have. States of matter can change – solid, liquid, gas – all still the same substance

Characteristic properties Characteristic properties -properties that are the same regardless of the amount of sample you have. 1. Boiling point 2. Melting point 3. Density 4. Magnetism 5. Solubility These are physical properties

Formative Assessment Which one is a characteristic property? A. Color B. Size C. Texture D. Density Formative Assessment

Which one could be used to help identify this substance? A. volume B. Color C. melting point D. Size Formative Assessment

Physical properties 1 2 3 sample Texture Coarse,powdery,fine crystal Solubility- +/- Color of solution Clear/cloudy 1 2 3 Send to benches to do hands on activity confectioners sugar, kosher salt, corn starch Physical properties

Question Which white powder was corn starch? What are the physical and chemical properties of corn starch and how do they help us identify it? lets take a look Can you think of anything else that acts like corn starch.

Physical and chemical properties of matter Physical properties Characteristic that can be observed without changing it into another substance. State of matter Frozen fruit bar. Chemical properties Characteristic that describes its ability to change into different substances. Iron combines with oxygen in the air to form a different substance. Rusting. Other examples? Physical and chemical properties of matter

physical and chemical changes

II. Changes in Matter A. Physical Changes - 1. Alter the form or appearance of a substance, but NOT its identity.(change of state) 2. Examples: a. Crushing a soda can b. Tearing paper c. Boiling water d. Filtering dirty water e. Mixing sugar into iced tea

II. Changes in Matter B. Chemical changes 1. One or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances. 2. Original identity is changed. 3. Examples: a. Heating table sugar to make caramel b. Burning wood to change it to ash and CO2 c. Digesting food to break it into its basic parts

Demos 1.Baking soda and vinegar 2.Hydrogen peroxide and beef liver 3.Vanilla extract inside a balloon 4.Water + borax + white glue 5.Alka seltzer in water 6.Solid from 2 liquids. Identify as physical or chemical changes

Formative Assessment Which is a chemical change? A. Rotting leaves B. Freezing orange juice C. Mixing oil and water D. Mixing salt and water Formative Assessment

Formative Assessment Which is a physical change? A. Rusting iron B. Melting butter C. Separating water into hydrogen and oxygen D. Tarnishing silver Formative Assessment

III. Types of Matter A. Mixtures 1. Two or more substances mixed together, but are NOT chemically combined. 2. The individual substances retain their own properties. 3. They can be separated. 4. Examples: a. Salad b. Lucky Charms c. Sand and grass and rocks d. Oxygen and nitrogen in the air III. Types of Matter

5. Solutions – the “best-mixed” of all mixtures, occurs when one substance dissolves in another. a. Salt water b. Lemonade c. Carbon dioxide in soda

B. Pure Substances 1. Made of only one kind of matter. 2. Every sample of a pure substance is always the same. 3. Elements a. Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical means. b. Oxygen, iron, gold, neon, calcium, nitrogen…

4. Compounds a. chemical combinations of two or more different elements. b. Can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. c. Water, sugar, salt, wood, rocks, plastic, carbon dioxide d. Water (H20) can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen (elements) by applying an electric current to it.

Formative Assessment Mixture – hold up purple card Pure Substance – hold up gray card 1. sand 2. copper 3. water 4. fruit juice Formative Assessment

Formative Assessment Mixture – purple card Solution – grey card Element – green card Compound – brown card 1. sugar 2. sugar in water (2 answers) 3. water 4. aluminum 5. rice with vegetables Formative Assessment