1. Introduction to Matter
Properties of Matter

2. Review: What is Matter? Matter: anything that has mass and volume
Mass – the amount of matter in something
Volume – the amount of space something occupies
Think: which of the following is matter? (Put an M beside terms that are matter):
A car - Dust
Time - Air
You - Pain
Sound - Calcium
Heat -Light
Water - Gravity
Hydrogen - A desk
Thunder -Energy
Lightning - A rainbow

3. Properties vs. Changes

4. What is a property?
When observing and describing matter, we often note properties of matter…
Property: a characteristic of a substance that can be observed
2 Types: Physical and Chemical Properties

5. Physical Properties
Physical property: a property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.
Often used to identify and recognize things
Examples: color, shape, mass, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility, and specific heat.

6. Special Physical Properties
Melting point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a given pressure
water = 0oC
Boiling point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a given pressure
water = 100oC
These characteristics are the same for pure substances regardless of mass or volume!

7. Special Physical Properties
Density is the amount of mass per unit of volume, D=m/v
Density can be used to identify a substance.
Water’s density is 1.0g/mL

8. Chemical Properties
Chemical property: a property that can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance
Examples:
flammability
ability to rust
reactivity (like with vinegar)

9. THINK!
Classify the following as either chemical or physical properties: (Label each with C or P)
Is shiny
Melts easily
Has a density of 2.3 g/cm3
Tarnishes in moist air
Does not react with hydrogen
Reacts with water
Boils at 100oC
Is red
Is a good conductor of heat

10. THINK!
Compare and contrast Physical and Chemical Properties.

11. Changes of Matter
EVERYTHING changes… how would you define ‘change’ in your own words?
In science, we say change is the act of altering a substance

12. Knowing the difference between a physical property and a chemical property makes it easier to differentiate between a physical and chemical change….
Any guesses?

13. Physical Change
Physical change: a change that occurs that does not change the identity of the substance (it just changes how something looks)
Affects the physical properties of a substance
Examples:
Melting ice
Freezing Kool-aid
Tearing paper
Boiling water
Cutting Hair

14. Chemical Change
Chemical change: a change that occurs causing the identity of the substance to change (the chemical structure is altered)
Burning paper
Digesting food
Soured milk
Effervescent tablets (Alka Seltzer)
A chemical change is called a chemical reaction

15. Chemical Reaction
Chemical Reaction: A chemical change occurs that changes the chemical makeup of the substance
(it makes something new)
Can’t be undone or reversed by physical changes
Indicators of a chemical reaction:
Change in color
Change in temperature/heat
Light is produced
Formation of a gas
Formation of a precipitate (a solid from liquids)

16. THINK!
Classify the following as either physical or chemical changes: (Label each P or C)
Mixing sugar in lemonade
Plants using CO2 and H2O to form O2 and sugar
Boiling water
Frying an egg
Rust forming on metal
Fruit rotting
Separating salt and water by evaporation

17. THINK!
What’s the difference between a property of matter and a change of matter (i.e. what is the difference between a physical property and a physical change)?

18. Exit Ticket: Intro to Matter
#1-5

19. 1. Matter is Any visible solid that has mass
Any liquid that takes up space and has mass
Anything that takes up space and has mass
Any liquid or solid that takes up space

20. 2. Which of the following is Physical Change. A. melting ice cubes B
2. Which of the following is Physical Change? A. melting ice cubes B. burning paper C. rusting iron D. burning gasoline

21. 3. Which of the following properties is NOT a chemical property A
3. Which of the following properties is NOT a chemical property A. reacts with water B. boils at 100oC C. flammability D. does not react with hydrogen

22. 4. Which of the following is a physical property. A. Flammability B
4. Which of the following is a physical property? A. Flammability B. Reactivity C. Density D. The ability to rust

23. 5. Which of the following is not an indicator of a chemical reaction?
Change in color
Change in temperature
Formation of a gas
Change in size