OBJECTIVE Explain how the Age of Reason and the American Revolution led to revolution in France Identify the Three Estates Explain how the storming of Bastille led to a bloody rebellion Describe how the rest of the Europe reacted to the French Revolution List Napoleon’s accomplishments in government and in war

THE BIG IDEA Social unrest, government debt, and food shortages contributed to the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789.

CAUSES Spread of Enlightenment ideas Huge government debt Poor harvest and rising prices Corrupt and week government(Louis XVI) Formation of National Assembly Storming of Bastille(political prison in Paris)

CAUSES

THREE ESTATES Estates-General (Government body- French Parliament) –Since the Middle Ages, everyone in France belonged to one of the three social classes called ESTATES

FIRST AND SECOND ESTATES First Estate-clergy- 0.5% Second Estate-nobles 1.5% –Only 2% of people belonged to this two estates –They owned about 30% of the land and they paid little or no taxes –They had easy life

THIRD ESTATE Third estate –the bourgeoisie(middle class) –city workers(poorly paid or without job) –peasants(farm workers) 80% of the population –Third estate had few rights and they paid high taxes –They were angry

TENNIS COURT OATH Members of the Third Estate took the Oath. They swore to give France Constitution They supported National Assembly

Storming Bastille On July 14, attack on political prison in Paris Revolution began

First French Republic The king Louis XVI was forced off the throne New lawmaking body called the National Convention declared France a republic The motto of the new republic was “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity” –(motto=word or phrase that expresses goals or ideals)

REIGN OF TERROR Those considered to be enemies of the French Republic were executed by guillotine. About to of people were executed during the reign of terror

REIGN OF TERROR Maximilian Roberspierre –(Gresham's law of political morality: the bad drives out the good.)

Napoleon French Hero –Stabilize economy –make laws uniform; eliminated injustices –increase empire and defeat major enemy

Napoleonic Code-Law

Emperor Napoleon 1804 Napoleon crowned himself Emperor

NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE

Napoleon’s Mistake Napoleon declared war on Russia 1812-Defeat at Borodino- Russia Over 500,000 men were killed or died of illness or starvation. Many froze to death

The first exile Island Elba - Italy

The second exile -St. Helena

Congress of Vienna Restoration of Europe Russia, Prussia, and Great Britain diminished the size and power of France Europeans leaders wanted to establish peace and stability after Napoleon’s defeat at the Waterloo in Belgium-1815

EFFECTS France adopts its first written constitution Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen adopted Monarchy abolished; execution of king and queen Reign of Terror Napoleon gains power Public school set up French conquest spread nationalism Revolution in Europe and Latin America