Globes: models of the earth; accurate Maps: drawings of flat surfaces that show all or parts of the earth

Hemisphere: half of a sphere *Northern & Southern hemispheres are divided by the equator. *Eastern & Western hemispheres are divided by the prime meridian.

Directions: cardinal directions: north, south, east, & west intermediate directions: northeast, northwest, southeast, & southwest example of a compass rose:

Scale: tells you how much smaller map distances are than real distances. example: 1 inch = 100 miles

legend: a table on a map listing and explaining the symbols used symbol: anything that stands for something else paved road ________ river ++ hospital

Looking at the land: region: an area with common features physical features: on a map; such as mountains, lakes, and rivers cultural features: on a map; such as cities and countries

Looking at the land continued… 4 main landforms: mountains, hills, plateaus, and plains plain: large area with either level or gently rolling land plateau: has mostly level surfaces, located at higher elevations than plains elevation: height above sea level

Kinds of maps: political map: shows countries, capitals, and political boundaries

Kinds of maps: Physical map: shows landforms and bodies of water such as mountains, deserts, plains, rivers, and oceans Elevation map: uses color to show how high or low the land is

Kinds of maps: distribution map: shows how particular things are spread out throughout parts of the world. examples: population, rainfall, language, and crops

latitude: lines that run east and west, called parallels, and are parallel to the equator. They never cross other lines of latitude! equator: 0 degrees, starting place for measuring latitude

longitude: lines that run north and south, called meridians. They meet at the north and south poles! prime meridian: 0 degrees, starting place for measuring longitude

A way to remember Latitude and Longitude… The Equator sat, On a line of lat, The Poles join strong, The lines of long!

What is absolute location? absolute location: the pinpoint location where lines of latitude and longitude cross

What is climate? climate: weather patterns of an area over a long period of time precipitation: any form of water; rain, hail, or snow that falls to the earth

What are glaciers? glaciers: thick sheets of slow moving ice, once covered the earth during Ice Ages; few still cover the earth today

What is culture? culture: a way of life of a group of people