The Byzantine Empire Capital: Greek city of Byzantium

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Presentation transcript:

The Byzantine Empire Capital: Greek city of Byzantium Rebuilt by Emperor Constantine Renamed Constantinople

CONSTANTINOPLE Center of Byzantine Empire Trade center  strategically located

Roman Heritage: Public entertainment Chariot races: The Hippodrome

The Age of Justinian 527 – 565 – reign of Justinian Autocracy – total rule by one leader (autocrat) Golden Age of the Byzantine Empire Justinian determined to revive grandeur of ancient Rome – set out to conquer lost territories

The Age of Justinian Beautified Constantinople Built Hagia Sophia (“ Holy Wisdom”)

HAGIA SOPHIA (“holy wisdom”)

HAGIA SOPHIA (“holy wisdom”)

HAGIA SOPHIA (“holy wisdom”)

The Justinian Code Corpus Juris Civilis = civil law Collection of Roman laws Preserved and transmitted heritage of Roman law

THEODORA Strong wife of Justinian Saved the empire during Nika revolt: Justinian was going to flee, but Theodora refused Justinian stayed and crushed rioters 30,000 dead in Hippodrome

After Justinian: empire declined Foreign attacks by Arabs, Slavs, Vikings, Mongols, Turks Most territories lost, except for Asia Minor (Greece and Turkey) Byzantine Empire held on to trade  money economy flourished

Byzantine Christianity Religion is very important. Byzantine Christianity (Eastern Orthodox) is different from Roman Catholic Christianity (Western Europe)

Position on icons (*holy images*) Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Where? Leader Clergy members Language Most important day Position on icons (*holy images*) Western Europe Byzantine Empire Pope Emperor Vow of chastity Allowed to marry Latin Greek Christmas Easter Allowed Not allowed (iconoclasts)

SCHISM 1054 Schism took place: permanent split between Eastern Greek Orthodox and Roman Catholic Church

DECLINE OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE: Result of struggles over succession and constant warfare 1453 – Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks; renamed Istanbul Hagia Sophia – turned into Muslim Mosque

BYZANTINE HERITAGE & LEGACY: Byzantine culture – blend of: Hellenistic culture (Greek science, philosophy, arts, literature), Roman law and engineering Christian beliefs & traditions Influenced Western Europe and the Middle East

BYZANTINE ART: Religious Mosaics

KNOWLEDGE AND LEARNING: Byzantines preserved classic works of ancient Greece and Rome Byzantine historians First female historian Anna Comnena Procopius

CYRILLIC ALPHABET Created by monks of the Byzantine Empire Spread with Eastern Orthodox religion throughout Greece, Russia, Eastern Europe