RESPIRATION & OXIDATION

GLYCOLYSIS Step 1: Phosphorylation: Glucose + 2ATP  Fructose 1,6-diphosphate + 2ADP Step 2: Splitting 6C sugar to 2 x 3C sugars: Fructose 1,6-diphosphate  2 Glyceraldehyde Phosphate Step 3: Energy release: 2 Glyceraldehyde Phosphate  2 Pyruvate (oxypropanoate) 8ADP 8ATP © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

KREB'S CYCLE Enzymes located in the inner matrix of mitochondria (in eukaryotes) Note: Number of mitochondria per cell = activity of the cell On average 1000 per cell (between 20 and ) © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

outer membrane inner membrane Mitochondrial envelope Inter membrane space Cristae Inner matrix Image credit: MitochondriaMitochondria

Step 1: Synthesising ACETYL COENZYME A Pyruvate  Acetyl CoA + CO 2 (3C) (2C) (1C) CYTOPLASM  MITOCHONDRIA 3ADP3ATP Also produced from fatty acids and amino acids © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

Step 2: Oxidising Acetyl CoA Breathed out or used by chloroplasts 2CO 2 KREB'S CYCLE Acetyl CoA + Oxaloacetate Citrate + CoA (2C) (4C) (6C) back to the cytoplasm 4 x 1 / 2 O 2 4H 2 O 12ATP12ADP © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS

The Kreb's Cycle was discovered by using inhibitors and isolating enzymes from tissues rich in mitochondria Total ATP from 1 molecule of glucose in AEROBIC CONDITIONS Glycolysis - 2 (phosphorylation) +8 Kreb's Cycle +30 (2x15) TOTAL 36 ATP © 2010 Paul Billiet ODWSODWS