1. KEY CONCEPT The overall process of cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen.

2. What is the purpose of Cellular Respiration?
To release energy from food molecules and make ATP!
Why do we need ATP?
To run chemical reactions that keep us alive and functioning

3. The Cellular Respiration Equation

4. Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars.
Cellular respiration is aerobic, or requires oxygen.
Aerobic stages take place in mitochondria.
mitochondrion
animal cell

6. Cellular Respiration

7. Glycolysis must take place first.
anaerobic process (does not require oxygen)
takes place in cytoplasm
splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules
pyruvic acid or pyruvate
produces two ATP molecules

8. Glycolysis Review Questions
Where does glycolysis take place?
Glycolysis energy yield?
Breaks glucose into TWO ________.
Is Oxygen required?

9. The Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria (intermembrane space)
Uses the products of glycolysis (pyruvic acid or pyruvate) which are first converted to Acetyl CoA
Produces a small amount of ATP (2 molecules)
Produces carbon dioxide as a waste product
Sends high energy electrons to the electron transport chain with electron carrying molecules NADH and FADH2

10. Krebs Cycle Review Questions
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
What are the products of the Krebs Cycle?
What are the molecules produced that carry electrons to the electron transport chain?
How much ATP is produced in the Krebs Cycle?

11. The Electron Transport Chain
Uses high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP
NADH and FADH2 carry the electrons through the ETC
Most of the energy in cellular respiration comes from the ETC!
Up to 34 ATP molecules

12. Electron Transport Chain
Electrons carried by coenzymes NADH and FADH2 pass through a series of membrane-bound proteins (the ETC) in the inner membranes of the mitochondria of eukaryotes
Oxygen is required to accept the “used” electrons and H+ ions at the end of the chain
without oxygen to form water and remove the H+ and electrons, the entire system stops!

13. Electron Transport Chain Review Questions
Where does the electron transport chain occur in the mitochondria?
What chemicals carry electrons to the electron transport chain?
Why is oxygen required for aerobic respiration?
How many ATP molecules can be produced from the ETC?

14. Cellular Respiration is like a mirror image of photosynthesis
C6H12O6
granum (stack of thylakoids)
thylakoid
sunlight
1 six-carbon sugar
6H2O
6CO2
6O2
chloroplast 1 2 4 3
energy
stroma
6H O 2
6CO 6O
mitochondrion
matrix (area enclosed
by inner membrane)
inner membrane
ATP
energy
energy from glycolysis 1 4 3
and

15. The equation for the overall cellular respiration process is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
The equation for the overall photosynthesis process is:
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
The reactants in photosynthesis are the same as the products of cellular respiration.

16. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Function
Location
Reactants
Products
Equation
Energy Storage
Energy Release
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
CO2 and H2O
C6H12O6 and O2
C6H12O6 and O2
CO2 and H2O
6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H2O