1. It’s a big bright beautiful world
Cellular Respiration
It’s a big bright beautiful world

2. Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
glucose
ATP

3. Mitochondria Organelle where cellular respiration takes place. Inter
membrane space
Matrix
Outer
membrane
Inner
membrane

4. Cell Respiration has 3 Steps

5. Step 1: Glycolysis C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C “Sugar Splitting”
Glucose gets split in half into pyruvate
What does this make?
2 Pyruvate (PYR)
2 ATP
2 Electron carriers (NADH)
C-C-C-C-C-C
C-C-C

6. Step 1 and a half: the PREP step
2 Pyruvate molecules move into the mitochondria
Pyruvate broken down into Acetyl CoA
This releases 2 CO2 & 2 electron carriers (NADH)
Cytoplasm C
2 Pyruvate
2 CO2
2 Acetyl CoA
C-C
2NADH
2 NAD+
Matrix C

7. Step 2: the Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Location: mitochondrial matrix.
This is where glucose is completely broken down
It takes 2 turns of the krebs cycle to completely break down 1 glucose molecule.
Mitochondrial
Matrix

8. 2. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
1 Acetyl CoA (2C)
3 NAD+
3 NADH
FAD
FADH2
ATP
ADP + P
(one turn)
OAA (4C)
Citrate (6C)
2 CO2

9. 2. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
2 Acetyl CoA (2C)
6 NAD+
6 NADH
2 FAD
2 FADH2
2 ATP
2 ADP + P
(two turns)
OAA (4C)
Citrate (6C)
4 CO2

10. 2. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Total net yield:
2 ATP
8 electron carriers (NADH and FADH)
4 CO2

11. Step 3: the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Location: inner mitochondrial membrane.
Uses ETC and ATP Synthase (enzyme) to make ATP.
ETC pumps H+ (protons) across inner membrane (lowers pH in innermembrane space).
Inner
Mitochondrial
Membrane

14. 3. ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation (Chemiosmosis)
Inner
membrane space
Matrix
Cristae
Outer
membrane
Inner
membrane

15. 3. ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation (Chemiosmosis)
NADH
+ H+
ATP
Synthase
1H+
2H+
3H+
higher H+
concentration H+
ADP +
lower H+
(Proton Pumping) P E T C
NAD+
2H+ + 1/2O2
H2O
Intermembrane Space
Matrix
Inner
Mitochondrial
Membrane

16. 4. ETC and Oxidative Phosphorylation (Chemiosmosis for FADH2)
ATP
Synthase
1H+
2H+
higher H+ concentration H+
ADP +
lower H+ concentration
(Proton Pumping) P E T C
FAD+
2H+ +
1/2O2
H2O
Intermembrane Space
Matrix
Inner
Mitochondrial
Membrane

17. TOTAL ATP YIELD in Cell resp
02 ATP – Glycolysis 02 ATP – Krebs Cycle 34 ATP – ETC = 38 ATP - TOTAL YIELD
ATP!

18. What Happens When You Don’t Have Oxygen?
Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration

19. Fermentation Alcohol Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation
Occurs in cytosol when “NO Oxygen” is present (called anaerobic).
Glycolysis is part of fermentation.
Two Types:
Alcohol Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation

20. Alcohol Fermentation 2ATP C P 2NADH C C C Glycolysis 2 Ethanol 2CO2
Bacteria and Fungi  beer and wine
glucose
Glycolysis C
C C
2 Pyruvic
acid
2ATP
2ADP
+ 2
2NADH P
2 NAD+ C
2 Ethanol
2CO2
released
2NADH
2 NAD+

21. Alcohol Fermentation End Products: Alcohol fermentation
2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation)
2 - CO2
2 - Ethanols

22. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Animals (pain in muscle after a workout).
Glucose
Glycolysis C
2 Pyruvic
acid
2ATP
2ADP
+ 2
2NADH P
2 NAD+
C C
2 Lactic
acid
2NADH
2 NAD+ C

24. Lactic Acid Fermentation
End Products: Lactic acid fermentation
2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation)
2 - Lactic Acids

25. In addition to glucose, what other food molecules are used for energy?
How do we get energy from them?

26. Catabolism of Various Food Molecules
Other organic molecules are used for fuel
1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides
2. Fats: glycerol and fatty acids
3. Proteins: amino acids