Hydrosphere water water everywhere ! (DO NOT WRITE anything in YELLOW!)

The water cycle

Evaporation Water turns from a liquid to a gas Water moves as vapor into the atmosphere

Transpiration water vapor enters the atmosphere from plants Water comes up through the xylem and out through the stoma of leaves

Sublimation Water turns directly from a solid to a gas Freeze drying Can happen when snow seems to disappear without melting

Condensation water turns from a gas to a liquid cloud formation dew

Transportation movement of water around the planet surface water (runoff) underground in the atmosphere as vapor moves in plants (transpiration)

precipitation water falls from the atmosphere rain, snow, sleet, hail, mist, and fog

deposition water changes directly from vapor to solid without a liquid phase high altitudes rare

infiltration water filtered through porous materials such as bedrock and soil water moves into groundwater

flow collection of moving water snowmelt rainwater Groundwater all water flows downhill due to gravity

Plant uptake Plants take groundwater up through the roots first part of transpiration

River Basins River Basin: all the land surface dissected and drained by many streams and creeks flowing downhill into one river Watershed: All of the land area whose water drains into a stream system, also called a drainage basin. Tributary: A stream that empties into a larger river. sends water out to the sea

NC river basins 17 designated river basins in NC 5 western basins drain to Gulf of Mexico Hiwassee, Little Tennessee, Watauga, French Broad, and New 12 flow to the Atlantic Of these 4 are contained in NC alone Cape Fear, Neuse, White Oak, and Tar - Pamlico

NC River Basins River Basins are a portion of large area lands which is drained by rivers and streams that flow into each other downhill. Water drainage for the land.

Watersheds Watersheds are basin-like landform defined by highpoints and ridgelines that descend into lower elevations and stream valleys.

Aquifers underground layer of saturated rock in which water can easily move used as wells

water table level below where the ground is completely saturated varies with seasons changes with time varies with location

groundwater and flooding groundwater close to the surface can cause chronic problems localized high water tables can cause basement flooding in one house and the house next door can be dry When the water table is full, water can not infiltrate into the ground resulting in flooding.

Contaminant Everyone needs to be careful about how they interact with their watershed. Anything someone enter up river will affect people who live down river.. A substance that is either present in an environment where it does not belong or is present at levels that might cause harmful effects to humans or the environment

Point Source Pollutions – Originating from a single, identifiable source, such as a discharge pipe from a factory or a sewage plant. Non-Point Source Pollution- A contributory factor to water pollution that cannot be traced to a specific spot; for example: pollution that results from water runoff from urban areas, construction sites, and agricultural operations. VOC- Volatile Organic Compounds

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