1. PDN Think about it: Where does the water cycle get its energy from?

2. What is the water cycle?
The water cycle describes the existence and movement of water on, in, and above the Earth.
Water is always in motion
Water is always changing states
Liquid
Solid
gas

3. Hydrologic Cycle
The water cycle can also be called the Hydrologic Cycle…WHY?
Since the water cycle is truly a "cycle," there is no beginning or end.
Water can change states among liquid, vapor, and ice at various places in the water cycle
These processes have been happening over millions of years.
The water in the apple you ate yesterday may have fallen as rain half-way around the world last year or could have been used 100 million years ago by Mama Dinosaur to give her baby a bath.

4. Components of the Water Cycle
Water storage in oceans
Evaporation
Sublimation
Water in the atmosphere
Condensation
Precipitation
Water storage in ice and snow
Snowmelt runoff to streams
Surface runoff
Stream flow
Freshwater storage
Infiltration
Ground-water storage
Ground-water discharge
Springs

5. Water storage 96.5% of the water on earth is in the oceans
3.5% of the water on earth is fresh
90% of the evaporated water contained in the water cycle came from the ocean
Ice caps and glaciers

7. Evaporation
Evaporation is when the sun heats up water in rivers or lakes or the ocean and turns it into vapor or steam. 
The water vapor, or steam, leaves the river, lake or ocean and goes into the air.
90% comes from oceans, seas, lakes and rivers
10% comes from plants: transpiration
Humidity
Evaporation removes heat from the environment: HOW??
Once evaporated, a water molecule spend about 10 days in the air.

10. Sublimation
Sublimation: The change of snow or ice to water vapor without melting
Solid  gas
High amounts of energy is needed….Where would this energy come from???
South side of Mt. Everest:
Low temperatures
Strong winds
Intense sunlight
Low air pressure

11. Transpiration
Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water out of their leaves. 
Transpiration gives evaporation a bit of a hand in getting the water vapor back up into the air
Moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of the leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere.
A large oak tree can transpire 40,000 gallons of water a year.
Factors that effect Transpiration:
Temperature
Relative humidity
Wind and air movement
Soil-moisture availability
Types of plants

13. Water in the atmosphere
The atmosphere always contains water
Tiny water particles are too small to see UNLESS….
Clouds
Superhighway used to move water around the globe

14. Condensation
Condensation: Water vapor in the air gets cold and changes back into liquid, forming clouds. 
Responsible for the formation of CLOUDS
Vapor  liquid
Condensation is the opposite of evaporation
Fog
Moisture on your windows or drink
Water vapor in the warm air, turns back into liquid when it touches the cold glass

17. Precipitation
Precipitation:  Occurs when so much water has condensed that the air cannot hold it anymore. 
The clouds get heavy and water falls back to the earth in the form of rain, hail, sleet or snow
Millions of cloud droplets are required to make a single raindrop

18. Precipitation Rates Vary by location

19. Surface Runoff
Surface Runoff: Occurs as precipitation travels over the soil surface to the nearest stream channel.
Run over the soil and collect in the oceans, lakes or rivers where the cycle starts
Ground saturation
Flash flood
Deposition can happen during this time….What was that??
Dangerous time for pollution to occur

21. A watershed is an area of land where all of the water that falls in it and drains off of it goes into the same place.

22. Groundwater
A portion of the water that falls as precipitation can infiltrate (seeps into) the subsurface soil and rock.
Used by plants and burrowing animals
Keeps soil cool during the summer

23. Groundwater Air Water Unsaturated Zone Permeable Layers Water Table
Impermeable
Layer
Solid Rock
Unconnected
Pores

24. Water Table
The top of the surface where ground water occurs is called the water table

25. Aquifer
An underground layer of water-bearing porous stone, earth, or gravel

26. Groundwater Spring Artesian Well Aquifer Aquifer Water Table
Impermeable
Rock
Well
Dry
Well
Aquifer

30. Word bank for Water Cycle
Evaporation
Transpiration
Condensation
Erosion
Wetland
Run-off
Lake
Ground water
Precipitation
Permeable soil
Bedrock