Chapter 8 – The Skeletal System: Articulations $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 Joint Classification & Accessory Structures Types of Movements Articulations of the Axial Skeleton Articulations of the Pectoral Girdle & Upper Limb Articulations of the Pelvic Girdle & Lower Limb FINAL ROUND

Topic 1: $100 Question Which classification of articulation is represented by the distal articulation between the tibia and fibula? a. synchondrosis b. syndesmosis c. synostosis d. symphysis BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $100 Answer Which classification of articulation is represented by the distal articulation between the tibia and fibula? a. synchondrosis b. syndesmosis c. synostosis d. symphysis BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: $200 Question Articulations identified as “synostoses” are further classified as belonging to which functional category of articulations? a. symphyses b. gomphoses c. synarthroses d. syndesmoses BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $200 Answer Articulations identified as “synostoses” are further classified as belonging to which functional category of articulations? a. symphyses b. gomphoses c. synarthroses d. syndesmoses BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: $300 Question In a synovial joint, such as the knee joint, the total volume of synovial fluid is normally less than: a. 0.5 oz b. 1 oz c. 3 ml d. 5 ml BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $300 Answer In a synovial joint, such as the knee joint, the total volume of synovial fluid is normally less than: a. 0.5 oz b. 1 oz c. 3 ml d. 5 ml BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: $400 Question Which of the following statements best describes diarthrotic joints? a. The articulating bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. b. The articulating bones are quite close together and may even interlock. c. The articulating bones do not contact one another under normal conditions. d. The articulating bones may be connected by collagen fibers or cartilage. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $400 Answer Which of the following statements best describes diarthrotic joints? a. The articulating bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. b. The articulating bones are quite close together and may even interlock. c. The articulating bones do not contact one another under normal conditions. d. The articulating bones may be connected by collagen fibers or cartilage. BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: $500 Question Which of the following statements is false regarding accessory structures of synovial joints? a. Capsular ligaments are separate from the joint capsule, and may be located inside or outside the joint capsule. b. Bursae may be connected to the joint cavity, or they may be completely separate from it. c. Menisci restrict movements at the joint, or allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces. d. Tendons usually pass across or around a joint, and may limit the range of motion. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $500 Answer Which of the following statements is false regarding accessory structures of synovial joints? a. Capsular ligaments are separate from the joint capsule, and may be located inside or outside the joint capsule. b. Bursae may be connected to the joint cavity, or they may be completely separate from it. c. Menisci restrict movements at the joint, or allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces. d. Tendons usually pass across or around a joint, and may limit the range of motion. BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $100 Question Which of the following joint types may be nonaxial or monaxial? a. hinge b.plane c. condylar d. saddle BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $100 Answer Which of the following joint types may be nonaxial or monaxial? a. hinge b.plane c. condylar d. saddle BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $200 Question Which type(s) of movements can occur in almost any direction, but the amount of movement is slight? a. circumduction b. reposition c. gliding d. a and c BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $200 Answer Which type(s) of movements can occur in almost any direction, but the amount of movement is slight? a. circumduction b. reposition c. gliding d. a and c BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $300 Question Which of the following statements regarding circumduction of a pencil model is/are incorrect? a. It is a type of angular motion. b. With the tip at the same point, the angle of the shaft remains unchanged as the shaft spins around its longitudinal axis. c. The tip remains stationary, while the shaft, held at an angle of less than 90°, describes a complete circle. d. a and b BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $300 Answer Which of the following statements regarding circumduction of a pencil model is/are incorrect? a. It is a type of angular motion. b. With the tip at the same point, the angle of the shaft remains unchanged as the shaft spins around its longitudinal axis. c. The tip remains stationary, while the shaft, held at an angle of less than 90°, describes a complete circle. d. a and b BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $400 Question Which of the following statements is correct? a. Internal rotation involves rotating the posterior aspect of the limb inward. b. Lateral flexion is most pronounced in the lumbar region. c. Abduction is movement away from the lateral axis of the body. d. Any movement where a limb is extended beyond its normal limits usually results in joint damage. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $400 Answer Which of the following statements is correct? a. Internal rotation involves rotating the posterior aspect of the limb inward. b. Lateral flexion is most pronounced in the lumbar region. c. Abduction is movement away from the lateral axis of the body. d. Any movement where a limb is extended beyond its normal limits usually results in joint damage. BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $500 Question In some triaxial joints: a. Two opposing surfaces slide past one another. b. The round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression in another. c. An oval-shaped articular face nestles within a depression on the opposing surface. d. Complex articular surfaces allow extensive angular motion without rotation. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $500 Answer In some triaxial joints: a. Two opposing surfaces slide past one another. b. The round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression in another. c. An oval-shaped articular face nestles within a depression on the opposing surface. d. Complex articular surfaces allow extensive angular motion without rotation. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $100 Question Which of the following ligaments connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae? a. ligamentum flavum b. ligamentum nuchae c. anterior longitudinal ligament d. interspinous ligament BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $100 Answer Which of the following ligaments connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae? a. ligamentum flavum b. ligamentum nuchae c. anterior longitudinal ligament d. interspinous ligament BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $200 Question Regarding the articulation between the maxillae and teeth, which of the following is false? a. It permits no movement. b. It is an alveolar joint. c. It is a synchondrosis. d. None of the above. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $200 Answer Regarding the articulation between the maxillae and teeth, which of the following is false? a. It permits no movement. b. It is an alveolar joint. c. It is a synchondrosis. d. None of the above. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $300 Question Which of the following statements regarding the temporomandibular joint is correct? a. The lateral portion of the articular capsule, which is relatively thick, is called the lateral ligament. b. The portion of its articular capsule inferior to the cartilage disc is relatively loose. c. The joint is poorly stabilized; yet, the structure of its capsule permits an extensive range of motion. d. The temporomandibular joint is really two synovial joints. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $300 Answer Which of the following statements regarding the temporomandibular joint is correct? a. The lateral portion of the articular capsule, which is relatively thick, is called the lateral ligament. b. The portion of its articular capsule inferior to the cartilage disc is relatively loose. c. The joint is poorly stabilized; yet, the structure of its capsule permits an extensive range of motion. d. The temporomandibular joint is really two synovial joints. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $400 Question The anulus fibrosus is/does not: a. A tough outer layer of fibrous cartilage. b. Surrounds a second part of the intervertebral disc. c. Composed of hyaline and fibrous cartilage. d. May be distorted by the nucleus pulposus in the condition called a slipped disc. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $400 Answer The anulus fibrosus is/does not: a. A tough outer layer of fibrous cartilage. b. Surrounds a second part of the intervertebral disc. c. Composed of hyaline and fibrous cartilage. d. May be distorted by the nucleus pulposus in the condition called a slipped disc. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $500 Question Which of the following statements correctly describes intervertebral articulations? a. The intervertebral discs account for roughly one-third of the length of the vertebral column above the sacrum. b. The ligamentum nuchae interconnects the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum. c. The nucleus pulposus is a soft, elastic, gelatinous core, composed primarily of ~75% water with scattered elastic and collagen fibers. d. Thin vertebral end plates, composed of hyaline and fibrous cartilage, almost completely cover the superior and inferior surface of the intervertebral discs. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $500 Answer Which of the following statements correctly describes intervertebral articulations? a. The intervertebral discs account for roughly one-third of the length of the vertebral column above the sacrum. b. The ligamentum nuchae interconnects the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum. c. The nucleus pulposus is a soft, elastic, gelatinous core, composed primarily of ~75% water with scattered elastic and collagen fibers. d. Thin vertebral end plates, composed of hyaline and fibrous cartilage, almost completely cover the superior and inferior surface of the intervertebral discs. BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $100 Question The intercarpal joints are/do not: a. plane joints. b. permit slight twisting movements. c. condylar joints. d. b and c BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $100 Answer The intercarpal joints are/do not: a. plane joints. b. permit slight twisting movements. c. condylar joints. d. b and c BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $200 Question Which of the following is a condylar diarthrosis? a. radiocarpal b. carpometacarpal of thumb c. interphalangeal d. carpometacarpal BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $200 Answer Which of the following is a condylar diarthrosis? a. radiocarpal b. carpometacarpal of thumb c. interphalangeal d. carpometacarpal BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $300 Question Which of the following upper limb structures lies between large muscles and the capsular wall? a. subacromial bursa b. subdeltoid bursa c. subscapular bursa d. b and c BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $300 Answer Which of the following upper limb structures lies between large muscles and the capsular wall? a. subacromial bursa b. subdeltoid bursa c. subscapular bursa d. b and c BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $400 Question Regarding the elbow joint, which of the following is correct? a. The humeroradial joint, in which the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius, is the largest and strongest articulation at the elbow. b. It is extremely stable because the articular capsule is very thick and the bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock. c. The medial surface of the joint is stabilized by the ulnar collateral ligament, which extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus anteriorly to the coracoid process of the ulna, and posteriorly to the olecranon. d. The elbow joint enables flexion and extension, as well as protraction and retraction, when combined with the radioulnar joint. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $400 Answer Regarding the elbow joint, which of the following is correct? a. The humeroradial joint, in which the capitulum of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius, is the largest and strongest articulation at the elbow. b. It is extremely stable because the articular capsule is very thick and the bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock. c. The medial surface of the joint is stabilized by the ulnar collateral ligament, which extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus anteriorly to the coracoid process of the ulna, and posteriorly to the olecranon. d. The elbow joint enables flexion and extension, as well as protraction and retraction, when combined with the radioulnar joint. BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $500 Question Which of the following does not accurately describe the glenohumeral joint? a. The glenoid labrum, which deepens the joint, is a ring of dense, irregular connective tissue that is attached to the margin of the glenoid cavity by fibrous cartilage. b. The coracoacromial ligament, which spans the gap between the coracoid process and the acromion, provides additional support to the superior surface of the capsule. c. The transverse humeral ligament extends between the greater and lesser tubercles and holds down the tendon of the short head of the biceps brachii muscle in the intertubercular groove of the humerus. d. The relatively oversized articular capsule, which extends from the scapular neck to the humerus, is weakest at its inferior surface; yet, it contributes to the extensive range of motion of the shoulder joint. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $500 Answer Which of the following does not accurately describe the glenohumeral joint? a. The glenoid labrum, which deepens the joint, is a ring of dense, irregular connective tissue that is attached to the margin of the glenoid cavity by fibrous cartilage. b. The coracoacromial ligament, which spans the gap between the coracoid process and the acromion, provides additional support to the superior surface of the capsule. c. The transverse humeral ligament extends between the greater and lesser tubercles and holds down the tendon of the short head of the biceps brachii muscle in the intertubercular groove of the humerus. d. The relatively oversized articular capsule, which extends from the scapular neck to the humerus, is weakest at its inferior surface; yet, it contributes to the extensive range of motion of the shoulder joint. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $100 Question Which of the following is/are considered to be major ligaments of the ankle? a. medial ligaments b. lateral ligaments c. tibiofibular ligament d. b and c BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $100 Answer Which of the following is/are considered to be major ligaments of the ankle? a. medial ligaments b. lateral ligaments c. tibiofibular ligament d. b and c BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $200 Question Stability of the tibiotalar joint, the primary weight-bearing articulation of the ankle, is partially due to the: a. talocrural joint b. tibiofibular joint c. subtalar joint d. talocalcaneal joint BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $200 Answer Stability of the tibiotalar joint, the primary weight-bearing articulation of the ankle, is partially due to the: a. talocrural joint b. tibiofibular joint c. subtalar joint d. talocalcaneal joint BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $300 Question Regarding joints of the foot, which of the following groups of synovial joints is/are considered to be plane joints, which permit limited sliding and twisting movements? a. metatarsophalangeal joints b. interphalangeal joints c. tarsometatarsal joints d. b and c BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $300 Answer Regarding joints of the foot, which of the following groups of synovial joints is/are considered to be plane joints, which permit limited sliding and twisting movements? a. metatarsophalangeal joints b. interphalangeal joints c. tarsometatarsal joints d. b and c BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $400 Question The hip joint is/does not: a. Include the transverse acetabular ligament that crosses the acetabular notch and completes the lateral border of the acetabular fossa. b. Reinforced by a fifth ligament called ligamentum capitis femoris, which tenses only when the thigh is flexed and undergoing external rotation. c. Include an extremely dense and strong articular capsule that contributes extensively to joint stability. d. A ball-and-socket diarthrosis that permits flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumduction and rotation. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $400 Answer The hip joint is/does not: a. Include the transverse acetabular ligament that crosses the acetabular notch and completes the lateral border of the acetabular fossa. b. Reinforced by a fifth ligament called ligamentum capitis femoris, which tenses only when the thigh is flexed and undergoing external rotation. c. Include an extremely dense and strong articular capsule that contributes extensively to joint stability. d. A ball-and-socket diarthrosis that permits flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumduction and rotation. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $500 Question Which of the following correctly describes the knee joint? a. The knee joint is composed of two joints (the tibiofemoral and the fibulofemoral joints) within a complex synovial capsule and functions as a hinge joint. b. At full extension, a slight external rotation of the tibia tightens the anterior cruciate ligament and jams the meniscus between the tibia and femur, which allows one to stand for prolonged periods without using the extensor muscles. c. The medial and lateral menisci lie between the femoral and tibial surfaces, act as cushions, increase the surface area of the joint, and provide some medial stability to the joint. d. The posterior and anterior cruciate ligaments, extracapsular ligaments of the knee, attach the intercondylar area of the tibia to the condyles of the femur. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $500 Answer Which of the following correctly describes the knee joint? a. The knee joint is composed of two joints (the tibiofemoral and the fibulofemoral joints) within a complex synovial capsule and functions as a hinge joint. b. At full extension, a slight external rotation of the tibia tightens the anterior cruciate ligament and jams the meniscus between the tibia and femur, which allows one to stand for prolonged periods without using the extensor muscles. c. The medial and lateral menisci lie between the femoral and tibial surfaces, act as cushions, increase the surface area of the joint, and provide some medial stability to the joint. d. The posterior and anterior cruciate ligaments, extracapsular ligaments of the knee, attach the intercondylar area of the tibia to the condyles of the femur. BACK TO GAME

FINAL ROUND Question The distal tibiofibular joint is an example of which type(s) of articulations? a. planar diarthrosis b. condylar diarthrosis c. amphiarthrotic syndesmosis d. a and c BACK TO GAME ANSWER

FINAL ROUND Answer The distal tibiofibular joint is an example of which type(s) of articulations? a. planar diarthrosis b. condylar diarthrosis c. amphiarthrotic syndesmosis d. a and c BACK TO GAME