1. Classified by: Structure (composition) Function (range of motion)
Joint/Articulation
Classified by:
Structure (composition)
Function (range of motion)

2. Types of Joints Synarthosis –
Immovable Joints; usually joined by strong fibers
No joint cavity
Examples: sutures, joint binding tooth to socket, growth plate

3. Examples: Cartilage
Vertebra Discs, Pubic Symphysis
Amphiarthrosis
No joint cavity
Slightly movable joint
Composed of fibrous joints
Composed of cartilage joints
Example: Fibrous
Membrane between radius and ulna

4. Diarthrosis/Synovial Joint
Greater range of motion
Joint cavity is present
Contains synovial fluid

5. Six General Characteristics
Articular Cartilage
Covered with hyaline cartilage
Joint Cavity
Space filled with synovial fluid
Articular capsule
Fibrous capsule found on the periosteum of long bones
Synovial fluid
Viscous fluid contains macrophages
lubricates
Reinforcing ligaments
Fat Pads
Extra padding

6. Types of Synovial Joints
Examples
Atlas and axis; Radius and ulna
Pivot Joints
Allows for rotation
One bone rotates around another

7. One bone fits into another Motion is along a single plane
Examples: knee and elbow, phalanges
Hinge Joints
One bone fits into another
Motion is along a single plane

8. Head of bone articulates with fossa of another
Ball and Socket
Examples: glenoid fossa and humerous; acetabulum and femur
Freely moving joint
Head of bone articulates with fossa of another

9. Examples: carpals, tarsals, between vertebra
Gliding
Bones slide across one another
Bones must have flattened or curved faces to glide
Movement is limited

10. Saddle
Examples: Thumb
Shape resembles saddle
Permits angular motion; including circumduction but not rotation

11. Gliding- two or more bones slide past each other
Types of Movement
Gliding- two or more bones slide past each other

12. Rotation – turning around the longitudinal axis of body
Pronation and supination are a form of rotation

13. Pronation- turn palms posterior
Supination – turn palms anterior (Anatomical position)
Terms only apply to movement of radius

14. Angular Movements -decrease or increase the angle between two bones
Flexion – decreases the angle between two bones
Extension – increases the angle between two bones
Hyperextension – increase the angle by > 180°

15. Abduction – move away from body’s midline
Angular Movements flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction
Abduction – move away from body’s midline
To be abducted
Adduction – move toward body’s midline
Add to body
Circumduction – cone- shaped movement

16. Dorsiflexion – point the toe up (superior)
Plantar flexion – point the toe down (inferior)
Eversion – turn ankle laterally
Inversion- turn ankle medially (most common way to twist ankle)

17. Protraction- move body part anteriorly
Retraction- move body part posteriorly
Protraction
Retraction

18. Elevation – movement of the body superiorly
Depression – movement of the body inferiorly