Industrial Revolution

Dawn of the Industrial Age A turning point in history –The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the mid 1700s A New Agricultural Revolution –Several Factors triggered the Industrial Revolution: Improved methods of farming resulted in an increased food supply The enclosure movement –Taking over and fencing in land –Larger fields needed fewer workers

Dawn of the Industrial Age The increased food supply contributed to a rapid growth of population –The population boom provided a growing labor force New Technology –People harnessed new sources of energy, like water and steam Steam engines, powered by coal, become the vital power source of the Industrial rev. –Improved iron Smelting process separates iron from ore

Britain Leads the Way Britain took an early lead in industrialization because it had favorable: –Resources Large supply of coal and iron A sufficient work force –New technology

Britain Leads the way Economic conditions –Business class accumulated capital Political and social conditions –Stable government –Strong Navy to protect trade

Britain Leads the way Industrialization began in the textile industry –Remarkable inventions needed power Flying shuttle Spinning Jenny Water Frame The first factories –New machines were too large and expensive to have at home –Built long sheds by rapid moving streams

Britain Leads the way Revolution in transportation –New sources of energy –Combined with the need to transport the growing supply of factory goods quickly and cheaply –Including invention of The steam locomotive The steamboat

Hardships of Early Industrial life The New Industrial City –The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization Movement of people to cities –Resulted in explosive growth of once quiet market towns Into overcrowded tenements Polluted industrial cities – No sewage or sanitation system

Hardships of Early Industrial life The Factory System –Rigid discipline –Workers labored long hours –Backbreaking jobs –Unsafe conditions –Low pay –Child labor

Hardships of Early Industrial life The working class –Endured overcrowded, filthy living conditions Benefits & Problems –Created material benefits Including more jobs Higher wages Expanded opportunities

New Ways of Thinking Groups offered economic and social philosophies to deal with the problems of the industrial age Laissez-fair economists –Adam Smith –Malthus –Ricardo

New Ways of Thinking Adam Smith- Wealth of Nations –Free market economy –No government intervention –Supply & demand control economy Malthus- On Population –When economy is good people have more kids creating an increase in population –Economy gets bad so people have fewer children Ricardo- On Wages –Wages are high and families can afford to have more children –Leads to a larger workforce –Larger workforce leads to lower wages

New Ways of Thinking Utilitarian –Goal of society should be “ the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers”

New Ways of Thinking Emergence of socialism –People as a whole rather than private individuals own and operate the means of production Farms Factories Produce & distribute goods –The Utopians Self-sufficient communities Work was shared & property owned in common –Robert Owen Set up a Utopian community in New Lanark, Scotland

Scientific Socialism- of Karl Marx Condemned the evils of industrial capitalism Urges radical changes in the way the economy operated Communism is a form of socialism Karl Marx promoted communism –Wrote Communist Manifesto A radical form of socialism that would have a worldwide influence Proletariat (working class)would rise up and overthrow the government –History was a struggle between the “Haves” and “Have Nots”