1. New Ways of Thinking A Changing World Unit 5 Section 3
TYWL: Analyze the effects of industrialism & urbanization on social and economic reform and how economic crisis contributed to the growth of various political & economic movements.
I can: understand how industrialization and urbanization both benefited and hindered economies, the environment, societies, politics, and people.

2. Question of the Day
One way in which the Justinian Code and the Napoleonic Code are similar is that both
made slavery unacceptable
treated all equally under the law
gave people a set of rules to follow
provided for religious freedom

3. THOMAS MALTHUS
Pop. would outpace the food supply. As long as the pop. kept increasing, the poor would suffer. People should have fewer children. Individuals should be left to improve their lot in life.

4. DAVID RICARDO
The “iron law of wages” said wages were high, families had more children. More children meant a greater labor supply, which led to lower wages and higher unemployment. No gov’t support for the poor.

5. UTILITARIANISM
The idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” of its citizens.
John Stuart Mill wanted the gov’t to step in to improve. Actions right that promote happiness & wrong if they caused pain.
Jeremy Bentham supported individual freedom, but saw the need for gov’t involvement under certain circumstances. All laws should be judged by their utility.

6. SOCIALISM
The people as a whole, rather than private individuals, own & operate the means of production.
The Utopians wanted to build self-sufficient communities in which all work was shared and all property owned in common.
Robert Owen set up a model community in New Lanark, Scotland & put Utopian ideas into practice.

7. Karl Marx and “Scientific Socialism”

8. Karl Marx outlined a new economic theory in his book The Communist Manifesto:
The entire course of history was a class struggle between the “haves” & the “have-nots.”
The modern class struggle pitted the bourgeoisie against the proletariat, or working class.
In the end, the proletariat would take control of the means of production & set up a classless, communist society. In such a society, wealth & power would be equally shared.
Despite a number of weaknesses, Marx’s theory had a wide influence on industrial Europe the Russian Revolution set up a Communist-inspired gov’t.