1. Chapter 19 The Industrial Revolution Begins
Benchmark impact of the Industrial Revolution

2. Chapter 19 Focus Question
What technological, social, economic, and cultural changes occurred as the Industrial Revolution took hold?

3. Section 1: Dawn of the Industrial Age
What events helped bring about the Industrial Revolution?

4. Introduction
Industrial Revolution: chain of events in the mid-1700s that changed the way of life for all time.
Rural way of life changes
Country towns grew to industrial towns & cities
New inventions
Anesthetic– drug that prevents pain during surgery

5. Agricultural Revolution Spurs Industry
Dutch began by making better use of land
Lord Charles Townshend – encouraged turnip growth-restored soil.
Jethro Tull – invented seed drill
Deposited seeds in a row
Enclosure- process of taking over and consolidating shared land-peasants kicked off land
Food surplus = population growth

6. New Technology Energy Iron Abraham Darby III Coal – steam engine
James Watt – perfected the steam engine
Iron
Iron – needed to construct engines, etc.
Abraham Darby – used coal instead of charcoal to smelt iron – separate it from ore
Abraham Darby III
Built first iron bridge

7. Section 2: Britain Leads the Way
What key factors allowed Britain to lead the way in the Industrial Revolution?
Why did the textile industry expand during this era?
Explain 3 ways that transportation changed.

8. What key factors allowed Britain to lead the way in the Industrial Revolution? Natural resources. They had water ways for trade, developed canals, They had skilled workers and a stable government.
Why did the textile industry expand during this era? People initially weave the cotton at home– putting-out system . John Kay developed the flying shuttle. Production became faster. Eli Whitney- created the cotton gin (separate seed from cotton). Had more Cotton Available. Other inventions were the spinning jenny and water frame.

9. Explain 3 ways that transportation changed.
Steam powered locomotives, turnpikes-private road that government runs-taxes pay for, canals were expanded to develop more efficient way of getting coal, Steam powered boats will soon be developed.

10. Sect. 3 Social Life Changed
Who were the middle class?
What are tenements and why did industrialists build them?
What is a labor union and what impact did they have?
Describe what Methodism offered the people.
Describe factory work, mining work, and child labor.

11. Who were the middle class?
Wealthier working class, entrepreneurs-take financial risk to start a business. Merchants and Inventors.

12. What are tenements and why did industrialists build them?
Multi story buildings to house the working class-no water, no sewage, meant for factory workers. Factory owners built them cheaply to house as many people as possible in a room.

13. What is a labor union and what impact did they have?
Created to get labor reforms-more pay, less hours. Led to violence with factory owners. Led to guilds-organized skilled workers
Sometimes aggressive burned property or stopped the business from working

14. Describe what Methodism offered the people.
Christian faith that common people own rather than clergy and rich. People learned on their own to read and write allowed them to be less dependent on clergy.
John Wesley

15. Describe factory work, mining work, and child labor.
Harsh conditions-children worked hours a day
Children used in mines to go to small locations in mine.-collapsing tunnels, breathe in coal dust
Often times given the most dangerous job.

16. Section 4: New Ways of Thinking

17. Thomas Malthus Laissez-faire economist
Urged families to have fewer children
Population would outpace food supply
Discouraged vaccinations
Felt disease was a natural means of population control

18. Adam Smith Laissez-faire economist Known for Wealth of Nations
Believed the free-market would help everyone
Known for Wealth of Nations
More goods at lower prices
Reinvest profits in new ventures

19. David Ricardo Hopeful of an economy to help poverty
Wage increase was futile
Would only cover costs of necessities
People had more children instead of raising standard of living

20. Jeremy Bentham Advocated utilitarianism
Goal of society should be greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

21. Robert Owen Set up a utopian society Atlas Shrugged  ?
The model of a perfect world
Atlas Shrugged  ?
No difference between rich and poor

22. Karl Marx Communist Manifesto Despised capitalism Communism
It created wealth for few; poverty for many
Communism
Form of socialism with a classless society
Community ownership