The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution: Britain Leads the Way

HS-SS HS-SS Students will analyze how history is a series of connected events shaped by multiple cause-and-effect relationships, tying past to present. Students will use a variety of geographic tools to explain and analyze the reasons for the distribution of physical and human features on Earth’s surface.

Learning Objectives I will be able to… Analyze how geography allowed Great Britain to begin the Industrial Revolution Analyze how the improvements in agriculture created the conditions that allowed the Industrial Revolution to begin

Opening Activity What is a revolution?

Agriculture Spurs Industry Improvements in farming techniques Fertilizer Soil restoration Seed driller

Enclosure and Population Parliament allows rich landowners to seize land owned by peasants Large farms >> Better tended farms >> increase in crop production >> larger population Large farms >> fewer small farms >> more unemployed peasants >> large, unemployed labor force

Enclosure and Population

New Technologies Steam engine Cheaper, higher quality iron These two inventions allow the building of bridges, trains, and railroads.

Great Britain Leads the Way Abundant natural resources in colonies Strong international shipping Extra spending money due to international trade (capital) Natural deep water ports Navigable river system

New Inventions Textiles Flying Shuttle Spinning Jenny Cotton Gin Large buildings were needed to house the large machines; led to the creation of factories

Independent Work Complete the worksheet I’ve handed out Work on your vocabulary if you haven’t finished it yet

Exit Slip How did an agricultural revolution contribute to population growth? Think about how the enclosure movement started it…

The Industrial Revolution: Social Impacts

Bellringer What were the geographic features that allowed the Industrial Revolution to occur in Great Britain? How did agriculture play a role in the Industrial Revolution?

Learning Objectives I can… Examine growing tensions between the middle and working classes Describe the economic effects of industrialization

Social Impact Rapid urbanization Towns focused near natural resources Massive amounts of pollution Development of a new class system

Industrial Middle Class Entrepreneurs benefited most New Middle class: The Bourgeoisie Merchants or skilled artisans Lived in well-furnished, spacious homes on paved streets with clean water Many did not have sympathy for the poor Women did not work outside of the home

Industrial Working Class Poor farmers and city dwellers Lived in foul-smelling slums Tiny one-room apartments called tenements No running water No sewage or sanitation, waste and garbage piled up in the streets Contaminated drinking water and spread of disease

Life in the Tenements

Child Labor mA

Child Labor mA

Laissez-Faire Economics Developed by Adam Smith Believed that gov’t should not interfere in the free operation of the economy The free market would help everyone by making goods cheaper Laissez-Faire literally means “hands off” Big idea: FREE TRADE (OMG please remember this)

Socialist Thought Emerges Socialism was created to end poverty and injustice The people as a whole rather than individuals would own and operate the means of production (farms, factories, railways, etc.) Utopian communities pop up around Europe No difference between rich and poor means no fighting…or so they thought

Communism Founded by German philosopher Karl Marx Wrote The Communist Manifesto Advocated for Communism Communism is a form of socialism where there are no classes in society and production is owned by the community Modern class struggles between the “haves” and “have-nots” (proletariat) History is the story of class struggle. The working class will rise up and revolt against the wealthy.

Marxism Fails Marxism briefly flourishes, spreading through Russia, Asia, Latin America, and Africa Failures of these Marxist govts show the flaws in Marxism Nationalism wins out over working class loyalty People feel stronger ties to their country than the communist movement

Exit Slip What new ideas about economics and society were fostered as a result of the Industrial Revolution?