Test: Wednesday, November 19 th Chapter 1 Review

Explain Urey and Miller’s experiment: What were they trying to recreate? What was put/added to the flask? Was there oxygen in the flask? Why or why not? What happened/what appeared? Earth 3.6 billion years ago Water = oceans Atmosphere = gasses Electric current = lightning No, oxygen was not in the atmosphere 3.6 billion years ago. The building blocks of proteins, which is a chemical of life.

Explain Redi and Pasteur’s experiment Red meat in three jars Open, sealed, and netting Flies/maggots appeared only on the open jar Disproved spontaneous generation – only life comes from life!

Table of Classification Levels Which animal is most similar to the common dolphin? Which organism is least similar to the others? What classification levels do all the organisms have in common? Which 2 organisms have the most similar evolutionary history and most characteristics in common? Killer whale Giant kelp Human, dolphin, whale, bat star = animal kingdom Common Dolphin & Killer whale

Cladogram 1.____ Wings 2.___ Legs 3.____ Curly antennae Which species are more closely related? F B H D &E

8 Levels of Classification: in order from the most general to the most specific 1.Domain 2.Kingdom 3.Phylum 4.Class 5.Order 6.Family 7.Genus 8.Species

6 Kingdoms of Life 1.Archaebacteria 2.Eubacteria 3.Protists 4.Fungi 5.Plants 6.Animals

Chemicals of Life 1.Proteins 2.Fats/lipids 3.Carbohydrates 4.Nucleic Acids

Which is correct? Homo sapiens Homo Sapiens Correct!

genus protistsautotrophs Organisms that make their own food are called _______________. The first part of an organism’s scientific name is its classification group called _________. The __________ kingdom is the only kingdom of eukaryotes that contain both auto/heter-trophs and both uni/multi-cellular organisms. autotrophs genus protists

plantoceansoxygen Scientists think that the first life forms on Earth lived in Earth’s __________. Most of today’s organisms could not have live 3.6 billion years ago because there was no __________. Multicellular organisms are found in the protist, fungus, animal, and ___________ kingdoms. oceans oxygen plant

multicellularfossils eubacteria classification Traces of ancient organisms that have been preserved in rock or other substances______________. Archaebacteria and ____________ are not classified together because they have different chemical makeups. Biologists use _____________ to organize living things into groups. A ____________ organism is a living thing composed of many cells. fossils eubacteria classification multicellular

What are the 8 characteristics of living things? 1. Chemicals of life 2. Energy use 3. Response to stimulus 4. Cellular organization 5. Growth and development 6. Reproduction 7. Homeostasis 8. Ability to adapt

What are the 4 needs of living things? 1. Water 2. Energy use 3. Internal stable conditions 4. Living space/shelter

What are the 3 characteristics of the 1 st life forms? 1. Lived in oceans 2. Did not use oxygen 3. Unicellular

To make studying organisms easier, scientists… …group living things.

Why is Linnaeus important? He developed the Linnaean system of classification, in which organisms are grouped on the basis of similarities in structure.

This kingdom has unicellular and multicellular organisms? Protists

Development is…. The process of change that occurs during an organism’s life to produce a more complex organism

Which kingdom has multicellular heterotrophs? Animals

The more levels of classification organisms share… …the more characteristics they have in common.

These kingdoms only have prokaryotes? Archaebacteria & Eubacteria

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Prokaryotes – lack a nucleus Eukaryotes – have a nucleus

Taxonomy is…. The scientific study of how living things are classifed

The most general classification level and the most specific classification level… Domain – general Species – specific

Scientific names consist of ….. …the genus and species name

Scientific names are written using what language(s)? Latin or Greek

Binomial nomenclature is… A naming system in which each organism is given a two-part name.

Cladogram Diagram that displays evolutionary relationships among a group of species

Spontaneous generation is… The mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources