2. CHAPTER 2 SECTION 2

3. WHY DO SCIENTISTS CLASSIFY? Classification: the process of grouping things based on their similarities Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study The scientific study of how living things are classified is called TAXONOMY Once a scientist classifies an organism, they know a lot more about the organisms For example…a bird… what do we know??

4. THE NAMING SYSTEM LINNAEUS Carl Linnaeus--- botanist, physician, zoologist (1750s) Linnaeus placed organisms in groups based on observable features The same classification system is still used today!! Each organisms got a two-part scientific name = BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE What does “binomial” mean?!

5. GENUS AND SPECIES Binomial nomenclature, the two parts of the name are the 1.Genus (genera) 2.Species What’s the difference? GENUS: is a classification grouping that contains SIMILAR, closely related organisms. Example: pumas, jaguar, tiger, house cats (genus: Felis) SPECIES: is a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce Example: the name includes where it lives or its appearance

6. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE RULES A complete scientific name is written in italics Only the first letter of the first word is CAPITALIZED Genus species (Correct way to write it!) Felis Concolor (Puma) WRONG!!! Carcharodon carcharias (Great White Shark) RIGHT!!! caretta (Loggerhead Turtle) WRONG!!!

7. WHY BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE? Easy for scientists to communicate Written in one language, LATIN (language scientists used at that time) Scientists around the world use the same name for the same organism Example--- We call this animal a woodchuck, groundhog, or whistlepig… why not give it one universal name? Marmota monax

8. LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION There are 8 levels of classification BROAD >>>>>> MORE SPECIFIC The more classification levels that two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common. (page 46)

10. HOW AM I GOING TO REMEMBER THE LEVELS IN ORDER? DKPCOF GS Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Spaghetti?

11. DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS BACTERIA, ARCHAE, EUKARYA Three domains: BACTERIA, ARCHAE, EUKARYA Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on CELL TYPE CELL TYPE THEIR ABILITY TO MAKE FOOD THEIR ABILITY TO MAKE FOOD NUMBER OF CELLS IN THEIR BODIES NUMBER OF CELLS IN THEIR BODIES

12. BACTERIA Are all around you! autotrophicheterotrophic Can be both autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus, therefore the nucleic acids float in the cell What is a NUCLEUS? Dense area in a cell that contains nucleic acids a captain of a team Compare it to a captain of a team

13. ARCHAE EXTREME Found in EXTREME environments Examples: hot springs, very salty water, swamps, and intestines of cows autotrophicheterotrophic Can be both autotrophic or heterotrophic Unicellular prokaryotes (similar to bacteria) “ancient” Archae means “ancient” Similar conditions of ancient Earth Dead Sea

14. DOMAIN EUKARYA Eukaryotes: Organisms with cells that contain nuclei 1.Protists 2.Fungi 3.Plants 4.Animals

15. PROTISTS Can be both autotroph OR heterotroph Can be both unicellular OR multicellular (seaweeds) “odds and ends”

16. FUNGI Mushrooms, mildew, and molds Can be both multicellular OR unicellular (yeast for breads) HETEROTROPHS ONLY HETEROTROPHS

17. PLANTS MULTICELLULAR EUKARYOTES, AUTOTROPHS All MULTICELLULAR EUKARYOTES, AUTOTROPHS Plants provide food for most of the heterotrophs on land heterotrophs All multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophs Animals