THE ELECTION OF 1800 AND THE JEFFERSON ERA

Democratic-Republicans Thomas Jefferson (VA) Aaron Burr (NY) John Adams John Adams (MA) Charles Pinckney (SC) Federalists ELECTION OF 1800

no concern for popular vote There is no concern for popular vote at this time Electors chosen by the state legislature meet in Philadelphia to choose president No single candidate won a majority of electoral votes No single candidate won a majority of electoral votes Results in a tie between Jefferson and Burr election decided by the House of Representatives The Constitution called for election to be decided by the House of Representatives Presidential Candidate Party Home State Popular Vote Electoral Vote CountPercentage Thomas Jefferson Democratic -Republican Virginia41, %73 Aaron Burr Democratic -Republican New York——73 John AdamsFederalistMass.25, %65 Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Federalist South Carolina ——64 John JayFederalistNew York——1 Total67, %276 Needed to win70

ALEXANDER HAMILTON’S INFLUENCE Hamilton still had influence among Federalist politicians He disliked both Jefferson and Burr, he distrusted Burr “Jefferson has some pretentions to character... Mr. Burr is one of the most unprincipled men in the United States... bankrupt beyond redemption.” Alexander Hamilton encouraged Federalists in the House to support Jefferson Alexander Hamilton encouraged Federalists in the House to support Jefferson Jefferson is elected on the 36 th ballot (vote) Jefferson is elected on the 36 th ballot (vote) Burr becomes V.P. Burr becomes V.P.

John Adams appointed many Federalist judges between the 1800 election & Jefferson’s inauguration John Adams appointed many Federalist judges between the 1800 election & Jefferson’s inauguration Adams supposedly remained at his desk until well into the night signing the commissions of the “midnight” judges. Ensured the federal gov’t would have a strong Federalist presence Ensured the federal gov’t would have a strong Federalist presence

Sect. of State James Madison was ordered to block Adams’ remaining judge commissions Sect. of State James Madison was ordered to block Adams’ remaining judge commissions One of the new judges asked the Supreme Court to order Madison to deliver his commission One of the new judges (William Marbury) was angered & asked the Supreme Court to order Madison to deliver his commission used the Judiciary Act of 1789 as the basis of his lawsuit Marbury used the Judiciary Act of 1789 that set-up the court system as the basis of his lawsuit

SUPREME COURT’S OPINION Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall gave the court’s opinion Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall (appointed by former President John Adams) gave the court’s opinion Opinion identified which cases the Court could hear directly & this was not one of them The case should have first been heard in a lower court The case should have first been heard in a lower court udiciary Act was unconstitutional and void Marshall ruled the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional and void Established judicial review Judicial Review – reviewing decisions of other branches and deciding if it is constitutional

Inscribed in the Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C.

THE WEST IN European countries claimed land on the west coast Spain – California from San Diego to San Francisco Russia – Along the coast to Alaska Britain – claimed land in the region north of the 42 ° parallel France took Louisiana back from Spain in 1800 Spain had closed the port of New Orleans to Americans

Ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte Ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte Wants to colonize American territory Defeated in the West Indies and unable to invade North America efferson offered to buy New Orleans since it was closed by Spain To avoid hostilities, Jefferson offered to buy New Orleans since it was closed by Spain France offered to sell all of Louisiana Territory France offered to sell all of Louisiana Territory Jefferson was torn by his personal beliefs versus what could help the country

Louisiana Territory purchased from France 1803 Treaty ratified in 1803 Constitution said nothing about acquiring new territory Jefferson knew it was important to explore and know the land and get there first to claim borders Asked Congress for $2,500 to fund a westward expedition Meriwether Lewis to lead Contracted Meriwether Lewis to lead He chose friend William Clark He chose friend William Clark to co-lead it brought on Sacagawea as a guide Lewis & Clark brought on Sacagawea as a guide Doubled the size of the U.S.A. Costless than 5 cents/acre= $15 million Cost less than 5 cents/acre= $15 million