1. Aim #20: Why was the Election of 1800 called the “Revolution of 1800?” Do now! Read the Digital History on the Election of 1800 and answer the accompanying questions. Please have out your homework.

2. FOCUS QUESTIONS FOR JEFFERSON’S PRESIDENCY 1. How did Jefferson behave as a president and how did he deal with his predecessors’ federalist programs? 2. what were the circumstances that gave birth to the principle of judicial review? 3. How was the United States able to acquire the Louisiana territory and why did Jefferson struggle with the purchase? 4. What foreign policy challenges did Jefferson face and how did he respond to each?

4. (I) Election of 1800 Federalists ◦John Adams ◦1 st sitting president who had to seriously campaign to keep his job ◦Charles Pinckney ◦Picked because of success from XYZ Affair Democratic –Republican ◦Thomas Jefferson ◦VP who really wants to be POTUS ◦Aaron Burr ◦Popular politician within Democratic – Republican party

5. 1.What do you notice that is unusual about the election results? 2. What happens in such a case?

6. 2012 ELECTION: BARACK OBAMA VS. MITT ROMNEY Obama got 332 electoral votes (65,446,032 popular votes) Romney got 206 electoral votes (60,579,084 popular votes)

7. Enter Alexander Hamilton Because he hated Aaron Burr so much… – He got the Federalists to not vote at all That way Jefferson could win! – Becomes 3 rd POTUS Aaron Burr is furious – He becomes VPOTUS – Because of this…. » Aaron Burr and Hamilton will be lifelong enemies… ◦Until one shoots the other.

8. The election of 1800 was a turning point in U.S. history d. This “Revolution of 1800” marked the first time in U.S. history when one political party transferred power to another “We are all Republicans. We are all Federalists.” Jefferson’s inaugural, 1801

9. Jefferson’s presidency marked the start of nearly 30 years of dominance by the Democratic-Republicans 8 yrs George Washington (1789-1797) 4 yrs John Adams (1797-1801) 8 yrs Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) 8 yrs James Madison (1809-1817) 8 yrs James Monroe (1817-1825) 4 yrs John Quincy Adams (1825-1829) 8 yrs Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) Federalist Party Democratic-Republican Party Democratic Party

10. e. The U.S. Constitution gets a new amendment 12 th amendment ◦Added in 1803 ◦Created 2 ballots for presidential elections: ◦1 for POTUS ◦1 for VPOTUS ◦That way there can never be a tie again….we hope.

11. (II) Jefferson’s Goals a. Cut the cost of the national government b. states’ rights c. nullification d. strict interpretation of the Constitution e. Cut size of the military ●“The spirit of this country is totally adverse to a large military force.” (1807) ●“There shall be no standing army but in time of actual war.” (1776)

12. Limiting the Size of Military

13. (III) Marbury vs. Madison A. What do you need to know about John Marshall and the Supreme Court? 1. after 1800, the Federalists controlled the Judicial branch (remember, appointment are FOR LIFE!) 2. John Marshall: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years 3. RULINGS: strengthened the power of the federal government B. Who were the Midnight Judges??? 1. John Adams appointed Federalist judges right before he left office 2. Jefferson ordered the Secretary of State (James Madison) NOT TO deliver the presidential commissions of the Federalist judges 3. one of appointments (Marbury) sued for his commission; not given it because the Judiciary Act creating his appointment was unconstitutional.