Intro to Anatomy & Physiology First…. Brief History – Andreas Vesalius

Intro to Anatomy & Physiology Anatomy & Physiology are subspecialties of biology (study of life) Most important life processes of the human body: metabolism (catabolism + anabolism) responsiveness movement growth differentiation reproduction

Anatomy & Physiology Defined Anatomy = the study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another Physiology = the study of the function of the body’s structures; often focuses at the molecular level

Levels of Structural Organization Chemical level – atoms combine to form molecules Cellular level – cells are made of molecules Tissue level – consists of similar types of cells Organ level – made up of different types of tissues Organ system level– consists of different organs that work closely together Organism level – made up of the organ systems

Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells 5 Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues 6 Organismal level The human organism is made up of many organ systems Atoms Molecules Smooth muscle cell Smooth muscle tissue Connective tissue Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Blood vessel (organ) Heart Blood vessels Cardiovascular system

Organ Systems (11 in the human body) Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive

Organ Systems Interrelationships The human body is made up of several organ systems that work together as one unit. Organ systems interact to maintain homeostasis Example – Integumentary System Protects the internal structures of the body from damage, prevents dehydration, stores fat and produces vitamins and hormones. Primary components – skin, nails, hair, sweat glands