1. The Human Body: An Orientation

2. The Human Body – An Orientation
Anatomy – study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
Physiology – study of how the body and its parts work or function

3. Anatomy – Levels of Study
Gross Anatomy
Large structures
Easily observable

4. Anatomy – Levels of Study
Microscopic Anatomy
Very small structures
Can only be viewed with a microscope
Figure 14.4

5. Levels of Organization
Life is built on successive levels of increasing complexity:
Chemical (or Molecular)
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6. Organ Organism System Level Level (Chapters 5–20) Organ Level
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Nervous
Respiratory
Muscular
Digestive
Skeletal
Urinary
Integumentary
Reproductive
Organ
Level
The
heart
Cardiac
muscle
tissue
Atoms in
combination
Tissue Level
(Chapter 4)
Heart
muscle
cell
Complex protein
molecule
Protein filaments
Chemical or
Molecular Level
(Chapter 2)
Cellular Level
(Chapter 3)
Figure of 7
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7. Chemical or Molecular Level (Chapter 2)
Atoms in
combination
Chemical or
Molecular Level
(Chapter 2)
Complex protein
molecule
Figure of 7
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

8. Chemical or Molecular Level (Chapter 2) Cellular Level (Chapter 3)
Atoms in
combination
Heart
muscle
cell
Chemical or
Molecular Level
(Chapter 2)
Complex protein
molecule
Protein filaments
Cellular Level
(Chapter 3)
Figure of 7
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

9. Tissue Level (Chapter 4) Chemical or Molecular Level (Chapter 2)
Cardiac
muscle
tissue
Atoms in
combination
Tissue Level
(Chapter 4)
Heart
muscle
cell
Chemical or
Molecular Level
(Chapter 2)
Complex protein
molecule
Protein filaments
Cellular Level
(Chapter 3)
Figure of 7
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10. Organ System Level (Chapters 5–20) Organ Level Tissue Level
Cardiovascular
Organ
Level
The
heart
Cardiac
muscle
tissue
Atoms in
combination
Tissue Level
(Chapter 4)
Heart
muscle
cell
Chemical or
Molecular Level
(Chapter 2)
Complex protein
molecule
Protein filaments
Cellular Level
(Chapter 3)
Figure of 7
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

11. Organ System Level (Chapters 5–20) Organ Level Tissue Level
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Nervous
Respiratory
Muscular
Digestive
Skeletal
Urinary
Integumentary
Reproductive
Organ
Level
The
heart
Cardiac
muscle
tissue
Atoms in
combination
Tissue Level
(Chapter 4)
Heart
muscle
cell
Complex protein
molecule
Protein filaments
Chemical or
Molecular Level
(Chapter 2)
Cellular Level
(Chapter 3)
Figure of 7
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

12. Organ Organism System Level Level (Chapters 5–20) Organ Level
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Nervous
Respiratory
Muscular
Digestive
Skeletal
Urinary
Integumentary
Reproductive
Organ
Level
The
heart
Cardiac
muscle
tissue
Atoms in
combination
Tissue Level
(Chapter 4)
Heart
muscle
cell
Complex protein
molecule
Protein filaments
Chemical or
Molecular Level
(Chapter 2)
Cellular Level
(Chapter 3)
Figure of 7
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

13. Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1

14. Organ System Overview Integumentary Forms the external body covering
Protects deeper tissue from injury
Synthesizes vitamin D
Location of cutaneous nerve receptors
Figure 1.2a

15. The Integumentary System
Figure 1-2(a)

16. Organ System Overview Skeletal Protects and supports body organs
Provides muscle attachment for movement
Site of blood cell formation
Stores mineral
Figure 1.2b

17. The Skeletal System
Figure 1-2(b)

18. Organ System Overview Muscular Allows locomotion Maintains posture
Produces heat
Figure 1.2c

19. The Muscular System
Figure 1-2(c)

20. Organ System Overview Nervous Fast-acting control system
Responds to internal and external change
Activates muscles and glands
Figure 1.2d

21. The Nervous System
Figure 1-2(d)

22. Organ System Overview Endocrine Secretes regulatory hormones Growth
Reproduction
Metabolism
Figure 1.2e

23. The Endocrine System
Figure 1-2(e)