Ankle, Foot & Lower Leg Muscles and Movements Look at your coloring sheet as you go thru these

Achilles Tendon

OriginOrigin –Stems from the distal ends of both the Soleus and Gastrocnemius Muscles InsertionInsertion –Posterior Surface of the Calcaneus PalpationPalpation –Very easy to palpate the distal end of the calf to the Calcaneus

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes xx xx

Extensor Digitorum Longus

OriginOrigin –Lateral Condyle of the tibia, Fibular Head, upper two thirds of anterior fibula InsertionInsertion –Tops of the Distal and Middle Phalanges PalpationPalpation –2nd Muscle upper lateral side of tibia / RROM Toe ext dorsal foot

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes x x x

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

OriginOrigin –Anterior/Lateral Surface of the Calcaneus InsertionInsertion –Tops of the Distal and Middle Phalanges PalpationPalpation –Can not

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes x

Extensor Hallucis Longus

OriginOrigin –Middle 2/3 of medial anterior fibula InsertionInsertion –Top of the distal 1st Phalange PalpationPalpation –RROM Great Toe Ext

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes x x x

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

OriginOrigin –Anterior Lateral part of the upper Calcaneus InsertionInsertion –Dorsal surface on the base of the 1 st Proximal Phalange PalpationPalpation –Can Not

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes x

Flexor Digitorum Longus

OriginOrigin –lower two thirds of the posterior tibia InsertionInsertion –Base of the distal phalanx of toes 2-5 PalpationPalpation –Can not palpate

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes xx x

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

OriginOrigin –Medial Calcaneal Tuberosity InsertionInsertion –Divides into two heads at the base of the Proximal Phalange –Allowing the FDL to slip through –Attaching to each side of the middle phalange 2-5 PalpationPalpation –Plantar side of the foot with RROM Toe Flexion

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes x

Flexor Hallucis Longus

OriginOrigin –Lower two thirds of the posterior fibula InsertionInsertion –Base of the distal posterior big toe PalpationPalpation –Down the medial malleolus RROM Big toe flexion

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes xx x

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

OriginOrigin –2 Heads Plantar surface of the Cuboid & 3 rd Cuneiform Plantar surface of the 2 nd and 1 st Cuneiforms InsertionInsertion –2 Heads –One on each side of the Base of the Proximal 1 st Phalange –Encompasses a Sesmoid PalpationPalpation –Unable – Irritation with the Sesmoids however

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes x

Gastrocnemius

Gastrocnemius OriginOrigin –Posterior surfaces of the two femor condyles InsertionInsertion –posterior surface of calcaneus PalpationPalpation –Easiest muscle to palpate Upper posterior lower leg

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes x

Preoneus Longus

Peroneus Longus OriginOrigin –Head and upper thirds of the outer surface of the fibula InsertionInsertion –undersurfaces of the 2nd cuneiform and first metatarsal PalpationPalpation –third muscle on the lateral side of the tibia, upper lateral tibia

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes x x

Peroneus Brevis

OriginOrigin –Lower two thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula InsertionInsertion –Styloid Process PalpationPalpation –Palpate at the Styloid Process

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes x x

Peroneus Tertius

OriginOrigin –Lower third of the lateral surface of the fibula InsertionInsertion –Styloid Process PalpationPalpation –Palpate at the Styloid Process

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes x x X

Plantaris

Plantaris OriginOrigin –Posterior / Medial side of the Lateral Femoral Condyle InsertionInsertion –Medial / Posterior Surface of the Calcaneus PalpationPalpation –Partially at Insertion Point

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes x

Soleus

Soleus OriginOrigin –Upper two thirds of the posterior surfaces of the tib/fib InsertionInsertion –posterior surface of calcaneus PalpationPalpation –under gastroc on the lateral side of the lower leg

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes x

Tibialis Anterior

OriginOrigin –Upper two thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia InsertionInsertion –Medial surface of the 1st cuneiform and first met PalpationPalpation –First muscle on the lateral side of the tibia

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes x x

Tibialis Posterior

OriginOrigin –Posterior surface of the upper half of the medial fib / lateral tib (inner surfaces) InsertionInsertion –Lower inner surfaces of the navicular, cuneiforms, base of 2-5 metatarsals PalpationPalpation –Can not palpate

Motions Plantar Flexion Dorsal Flexion InversionEversion Extend Great Toe Flex Great Toe Extend Toes Flex Toes x x

Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

LocationLocation –Y Shaped –Overlying the Anterior Aspect of the ankle Joint and Proximal Foot FunctionFunction –Binds Extensor and Peroneal Tendons

Superior Extensor Retinaculum

LocationLocation –Proximal to Ankle Joint –Distal ends of Tibia and Fibula FunctionFunction –Binds Extensor Leg Tendons as it crosses the ankle joint –Prevents Bowstring Effect

Inferior Peroneal Retinaculum

LocationLocation –Lateral Side of the Ankle –Lateral Calcaneus to Lateral IER –Straddles the Peroneal Longus and Brevis Tendons FunctionFunction –Holds the PL and PB in place with Plantar Flexion and Eversion

Superior Peroneal Retinaculum

LocationLocation –Lateral Side of the Ankle –Posterior Distal end of the Fibula to Lateral Calcaneus FunctionFunction –Holds Peronus Longus and Brevis in place behind the Fibula during PF and EV –Prevent Snapping

Flexor Retinaculum

LocationLocation –Medial Side of the Ankle –Posterior Inferior Medial Malleolus to Medial Tubercle of the Calcaneus FunctionFunction –Roof over Sustenaculum Tali –Keeps Posterior Medial Tendons and Medial Ligaments in place