BELLWORK (Block 1) Explain how each European-parent country ruled/used their American colonies: 1.Great Britain 2.France 3.Spain 4.Portugal 5.How did the American Revolution inspire the rest of the colonies in the Americas? 6.THINKER: List three things you should remember to do when giving a presentation in class.

European Control of the Colonies British: Valued land ownership, but also saw America as a way to decrease empire’s debt (controlled taxes/trade/land) French: originally strict control (taxes/trade), but after 7 Years War, empire’s territory & population decreased. –Emphasis on fur trade, NOT agricultural settlements –Relied on slave labor (Caribbean) & friendly relations w/ N.A. (Canada) Spanish: America is a wealth base and trade route, NOT land to be developed; colonies were NOT unified –Bourbons implemented heavy taxes & restricted freedoms Portuguese: Use of captaincy colonies made rule relaxed –Autonomous colonies; each under the rule of a Captain-General –Instead of strict control, focused on providing income for the empire

Independence Movements in the Americas How the U.S. started a chain- reaction in American colonies

Presentation Info Peer Evaluation You will be graded on three main components: Content, Presentation, Mechanics/Visual Yellow graphic organizer as notes Good presentation skills (voice, pacing, repetition, explanation, eye contact) Good audience skills (active, engaged, participation) This info will be on your unit 1 test!!!!

BELLWORK (Block 2) Use your worksheet on Spanish laws in the colonies or pgs : 1.Explain how Spain reorganized their administration in order to regain control. 2.How did Spain limit trade within their colonies? 3.How did the Bourbons change the power of the Catholic church? 4.How was the military/militia organized in Sp. Col.? 5.THINKER: List one similarity and one difference between the Haitian and American Revolutions.

Discussion How were revolutions in Spanish South America different than British North America?

Latin American Social Hierarchy Peninsulares: colonial leaders born in Spain or Portugal; held all important military and political positions. Creoles: colonial-born white aristocrats; controlled most of the land and business Mestizos (Native/White) & Mulattoes (Black/White) – mixed races; worked as servants and unskilled laborers Slaves

Spanish Colonial Migration Reasons for Spanish Migration: Achieve political freedom Escape conflict Rural poverty Urban congestion Freedom from Catholic rule and policies Available farm land

Role of the Catholic Church Priests and monks converted Natives & taught them loyalty to the crown. The clergy held high positions and worked with the colonial government. By 1800, the Catholic Church controlled almost half the wealth in Latin America. Spain and Portugal implemented trade restrictions and high taxes to finance wars, the church and the expansion of their empire

Napoleonic Wars Series of wars ( ) following the French Revolution. When France (under Napoleon) expanded their power/influence over Europe. During these wars, Napoleon fought Britain, Austria, Hungary, Russia, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Italy, Persia, Netherlands, and Switzerland

Napoleonic Wars Battle of Trafalgar (vs. England) After the defeat of Prussia, France occupied Germany

Napoleonic Expansion; 1811 Dark blue: French Empire Light blue: French satellite states and occupied zones Blue-grey:Blue-grey: Countries forced by France into applying the Continental System (blockade to create French trade monopoly)

Napoleonic Wars Historian Donald Sutherland explained the reasons for Napoleon’s victories: “The ideal Napoleonic battle was to manipulate the enemy into an unfavorable position through maneuver and deception, force him to commit his main forces and reserve to the main battle and then undertake an enveloping attack with uncommitted or reserve troops on the flank or rear. Such a surprise attack either would produce a devastating effect on morale or force him to weaken his main battle line. Either way, the enemy's own impulsiveness began the process by which even a smaller French army could defeat the enemy's forces one by one.” The Napoleonic Empire at its height; 1812

Napoleonic Wars Napoleon’s defeat came when he invaded Russia in 1812 Factors contributing to loss: scorched-earth, inadequate weapons, winter, countries broke their alliance with France, disloyal military How would the Napoleonic Wars impact revolutions in the Americas?

Independence Movement Presentations