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Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte to the Congress of Vienna
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Basics #5 Napoleon Vocabulary CSS 10.2 Napoleonic Code – Napoleon’s reform of the laws which embodied the Enlightenment principles such as the equality of all citizens before the law and religious toleration Annex – to take over a neighboring country and make it part of your own country Continental System – Napoleon’s economic war with Britain which closed European ports to British goods Scorched-Earth System – Russia’s practice of burning farms and villages as they retreated from Napoleon’s Army, leaving the French Army without sufficient food
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Abdicate – step down from power Congress of Vienna – diplomats and political leaders from European countries who met from Sept. 1814-June 1815 to create a lasting peace in Europe by balancing power with new nations borders which would minimize France’s ability to expand again Ideology – systems of thought or belief Autonomy – self-rule, the right of an ethnicity group to rule themselves and not be part of an Empire
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Basics #5 Latin American Revolutions Vocabulary CSS 10.2 Radicals – those who favor extreme change Recession – a period of reduced economic activity Peninsulare – members of the highest social class in Latin America, Spanish-born Creole – Latin Americans descended from Europeans Mestizo – people of Native American & European descent Mulatto – people of African and European decent
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Simon Bolivar – creole inspired by Enlightenment ideas in Europe to bring revolution to Latin American countries Toussaint L’Ouverture – self-educated, former slave who led a successful slave revolt against the French in Haiti (1791- 1798) and inspired Haiti to declare independence Father Miguel Hidalgo – a creole priest in Mexico, whose speech “el Grito de Delores” inspired the Mexican Revolution against Spain
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Basics 4 Questions 1. What were the Napoleonic Codes? 2. What were the three mistakes of Napoleon? 3. How did Napoleon gain power? 4. Who was Simon Bolivar?
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Napoleon a Rising Star 1795-At 25 –hero of the Republic of France 1796-At 26 –“the General” victories enemy forces 1799-At 30 –control of France’s Military –coup d’etat (blow of state) Used his troops and influence to take over the government of France
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A leader at last… Coup led to a victory over anti-French powers –Britain, Austria and Russia 1800- vote of the people –all real power given to Napoleon vote overwhelmingly in favor of Napoleon
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Stability and Order Napoleon wanted –Strong central government –Strong Economy 1.Equality in Taxation 2.Effective tax-collection 3.National Bank –End of Corruption
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Napoleonic Code Code of Laws –Would end many injustices –promoted order But… –Women lost many rights –Freedom of Press and Speech limited –Restored slavery
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Emperor Napoleon crowns himself
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The BIG mistakes Napoleon attacks the only rival left on the mainland of Europe-Continental System Attacking Russia in the winter Fighting in Spain
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What happens after? Napoleon withdrawals his army –600,000 to start –28,000 at the end of the attack!! Napoleon –Leaves his army –Attempts to rebuild in France –Other European powers unite to defeat him in 1813
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Exile—Return—Exile Why not just kill him? –Exiled to the small island of Elba (Italy) Napoleon escapes and for 100 days returns to be Emperor of France but is defeated at Waterloo (1815)
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Re-exiled to St. Helena (South Atlantic) Died in 1821 of a stomach ailment
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Peace—Congress of Vienna The five “great” powers of Europe –Austria, Russia, Prussia, Britain and France (under a new King) –How to deal with Europe after Napoleon’s Empire is dismantled?
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The two big goals: 1. Return the royal families to their rightful thrones –Any democratic movement was a threat! 2. Prevent another war—Balance of Power –If one power attacks another the rest will join against the attacker
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