1. Essential Question:
How did Napoleon come to power in France?
What were the important reforms & consequences of his reign?

2. In 1799, Napoleon staged a coup d’etat (overthrow) of the French republic & assumed power as dictator

3. Napoleon improved the government, economy, & lives for French citizens
Economy: introduced a fair tax system & a Bank of France
Government : created a merit based bureaucracy
Govt: issued a set of laws called the Napoleonic Code that provided order and equality
Social: created public schools for all male students

4. In 1804, the French people voted Napoleon Emperor for life

5. Napoleon wanted a
global empire
But, the revolution in Haiti convinced Napoleon to abandon North America

6. Louisiana Purchase: In 1803, Napoleon sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million

7. During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon conquered Austria, Prussia, Spain, Italy, & central Europe
From 1807 to 1812, Napoleon ruled over the largest European empire since the Romans

8. During his rule over Europe, Napoleon made a number of bad decisions
Napoleon could not defeat England
He ordered a blockade, called the Continental System, to cut off all trade with England
This was a failure & hurt France more than England

9. In 1812, Napoleon made his greatest mistake & invaded Russia
Napoleon forced nations to obey French laws, this led to a rise in nationalism & uprisings
In 1812, Napoleon made his greatest mistake & invaded Russia
The harsh winter & Russia’s scorched-earth policy devastated the French army & forced Napoleon to retreat

10. The French monarchy was restored
In 1814, the French army was defeated; Napoleon surrendered & was exiled to the island of Elba
The French monarchy was restored

11. After his defeat, Napoleon was exiled again
In 1815, Napoleon returned & built an army, but was defeated by a united European force at the Battle of Waterloo
After his defeat, Napoleon was exiled again

12. What was Napoleon’s impact?
He created reforms that ended the financial crisis & unequal class system and made public schools & a law code
The fall of empire led to a conflict between rule by strong monarchs & democratic governments

13. Essential Question:
What was the impact of the decisions made at the Congress of Vienna?

14. Europe in 1812 (at the height of Napoleon)
…and Norway & Denmark
…and Prussia
In 1812, Napoleon was the emperor of France
…and Warsaw
…and Spain
…and the Rhine
…and Switzerland
…and had defeated Austria
…and he had conquered Italy

15. When Napoleon was defeated in 1815, European leaders met at the Congress of Vienna to restore peace & bring stability to Europe

16. Goal 1: was to prevent future French aggression
This was accomplished by taking back all lands conquered by Napoleon & by making the nations around France stronger
The Kingdom of the Netherlands was created
39 states joined to form the German Confederation
Switzerland became a nation
A “buffer zone” was created between France & the major European powers
Sardinia merged with Genoa

17. Goal 2: was to restore monarchs to power in Europe
This was done by restoring kings in France, Portugal, Spain, & many Italian & German states

18. Goal 3: was to maintain a balance of power in Europe
This was done by forming an alliance between Russia, Austria, Prussia, & Britain to maintain peace & stop future revolutions
The decisions made at the Congress of Vienna helped maintain peace in Europe for almost 40 years

19. In 1848, nationalism swept through Europe sparking revolutions for democracy & forming new nations