1. BELLWORK 1.How do you think other countries under foreign control responded to the American Revolution? 2. What is a colony? 3.What is nationalism? 4.THINKER: Today we will learn about control over colonies in Latin America. In your opinion, why do powerful countries like England, France, Spain and Portugal feel the need to control smaller colonies that are so far away?

2. Ruling the Colonies Spain, Portugal and France used their Latin American colonies to increase their own wealth. Colonies contained deposits of gold and silver, as well as, forests for mahogany and ebony. Farming provided another source of money; especially corn, sugar, and cocoa. Landowners forced Native Americans and enslaved Africans to work the farms

5. Ruling the Colonies Catholicism was brought to the Americas by Spanish and Portuguese rulers. Priests and monks converted the Native Americans and taught them loyalty to the crown. The clergy members held high positions and worked closely with the colonial government. By 1800, the Catholic Church controlled almost half the wealth in Latin America. Colonists were mad at the trade restrictions and high taxes Spain and Portugal forced them to pay.

7. Social Order Latin American colonies were divided between social classes based on privileges. Peninsulares: colonial leaders born in Spain or Portugal; held all important military and political positions. Creoles: colonial-born white aristocrats; controlled most of the land and business Mestizos: mixed Native American and white ancestry; worked as servants and unskilled laborers

10. BELLWORK 2/28 1.List four European countries that had colonies in Latin America. 2.List three reasons for European colonization of Latin America. 3.How did the Natives respond to the European desire to spread Catholicism? 4.Explain the social order/hierarchy in colonial Latin America. 5.THINKER: What similarities do you notice between Latin American colonies and the North American colonies?

11. Latin American Independence Now that you understand the motives behind colonial rule and independence, you are going to learn about specific countries and their fight for freedom. On this blank map of Latin and Central America do the following: 1.Label the countries (A10 & A11) 2.Next, write in the years of independence for the following colonies: Mexico, Haiti, Venezuela(1810) Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, & Paraguay. (pg. 443) 3.Color the colonies based on their European ruler. Remember to make a key! -- France-- Portugal -- Spain-- British

14. Latin American Independence On the back of your map, you are going to focus on specific colonies and their fight for independence. For each colony you must address the main question: How did this colony get its independence? Make sure to include any important people and events. SUMMARIZE!!! Colonies you must write about: -- Haiti-- Venezuela -- Mexico -- Brazil Use pgs. 443-446 Follow the example!

15. Nationalism Nationalism: desire for national independence. In the mid-1800s there are four primary examples of nationalism: 1.Italy 2.Germany 3.Russian Empire 4.Austria-Hungary Each country struggled with its own desire for unity or independence. You are going to summarize each example of nationalism using your graphic organizer and chapter 15 in your textbook (pages 452-474)