Celestino Hopkins

El Presente Ar Er Ir To conjugate a regular verb in the present tense in Spanish: -start with the infinitive of the verb -drop the –ar, -er, -ir ending to get the verb’s stem -add the personal ending that reflects the subject doing the action. (the verb’s –ar, -er, -ir ending determines the set of personal endings you will choose from)

El Presente Ar Er Ir Differences between formal and familiar -use tu when using you as a referent for a friend, a classmate, a child, an immediate family member, or someone you know well -use usted when using you as a referent for a stranger, a professor, someone older than you, or someone to whom you need or wish to show respect

Verbs with Irregular First Persons Caber – yo quepo Car – yo caigo Dirigir – yo dirijo Hacer – yo hago Escoger – yo escojo Salir – yo salgo

Verbs with Irregular First Persons For verbs that end in –cer and –cir, change the c to zc for the yo form: Conocer – yo conozco Conducir – yo conduzco Producir – yo produzco Establecer – yo establezco

Verbs with Irregular First Persons For verbs that end in –ger and –gir, change the g to j for the yo form: Escoger – yo escojo Dirigir – yo dirijo Emerger – yo emerjo

Verbs with Irregular First Persons For verbs that end in –guir, change the gu to g for the yo form: Seguir – yo sigo Conseguir – yo consigo Distringuir – yo distingo

Ser y Estar Both can be translated as “to be” -I am -You are -He/She is -We are -You-all are -They are

Ser y Estar To address conidition, use estar. Estar is an irregular verb. It does not follow the standard rules of conjugation for regular –ar verbs. Estoy Estas Esta Estamos estan

Ser y Estar To address en essential quality, use ser. Ser is also irregular. Soy Eres Es Somos Son

Ser y Estar Ser uses: Hour, day, and date Place of origin Occupation Nationality Religioues or Politcal Affiliation Material Something is made of Possession Personal Relationships Impersonal Expressions Where an Event is Taking Place Inherent or Essential Qualities

Ser y Estar Uses of estar: Geographic or Physical Location State or Condition Many Idiomatic Expressions Progressive Tenses

Verbs like Gustar Gustar means “to be pleasing” as opposed to “to like.” Gustar and its similar verbs have mandatory indirect objects which require an indirect object pronoun. The verb is always conjugated to the main noun while the person is indentified by the indirect object pronoun. When the indirect object falls at the end of the sentence, the prepositional phrase such as “a mi” or “a nosotros” is placed after the verb instead of in front of the indirect object pronoun.

Verbs like Gustar Abburir – to bore Agradar – to please Caber – to fit/ to fill Doler – to hurt Costar – to cost Disgustar – to disgust Encantar – to delight Interesar – to interest Molestar – to bother Quedar – to remain