Warm-up 10/8/2011 Is there any reason you would have to leave the United States over? Think about the perspective of an immigrant why could they possibly want to leave their country?

Ch. 13 sec 1 Immigration

Old Immigrants came because 1846 The potato famine in Ireland 1862 — Congress passes the Homestead Act which grants citizens 160 acres of land in the west — The Mexican Revolution Many Irish people to immigrate to America. Many immigrants want to come to America to own their own land. Thousands of people from Mexico come to the United States seeking employment.

Coming to America million Europeans immigrated to the United States By the late 1890s Most of the people are from Eastern or Southern Europe Places like, Italy, Greece, Austria-Hungry Russia and Serbia

These People came Because Looking for work, wanted to purchase land It was the hope of escaping poverty Restrictions based on social class High food prices Religious persecution Forced Military service

Most immigrants came to the new world via steerage Steerage: The Cheapest accommodation on a steam ship. Read the Atlantic voyage section including the primary source on page 443 What are the descriptions that Edward Steiner describes?

Ellis Island Many new immigrants were first taken to Ellis Island The Island itself had a three story building that processed the new citizens. Each immigrant would have to go through series health exams before moving on into the country.

Ethnic Cities Immigrants lived in neighborhoods often separated into ethnic groups Little Italy or the Jewish Lower East Side How well immigrants adjusted depended on: 1. Learned English and adapted American culture 2. Market-able Skills or money 3. If they settled among members of their own ethnic group

Video notes On a separate sheet of paper answer the following. What are some of the problems faced by these ethnic cities. Who is solving these problems and how are they solving them.

Asian Immigration Angel Island Until 1910 Asian immigrants arrived in San Francisco at a two story shed. January 1910, California opened a barracks on Angel Island for Asian Immigration Most were young men and teens or twenties, who awaited the results of their immigrations hearings On the walls several immigrants wrote poems which have become known as angel Island poems

Nativism The extreme dislike of immigrants by native born people. Surfaced during the heavy wave of Irish and then Chinese and Jewish Led to anti-immigrant organizations like American Protective Association (anti- Catholic )

In the West Chinese Exclusion Act: 1882 Congress passed this act to barred Chinese immigration for 10 yrs and prevented Chinese already in the U.S. from becoming citizens.

Political cartoons On the same sheet paper as your video notes analyze the following political cartoons. Take 4 minutes for each cartoon. On your own consider the following: What is being depicted in the picture? What point do you think the author is trying to make?

Letter writing Assignment Times New Roman 12 font single spaced at least ¾ of a page Due 10/10/12 Write a letter to your family from the perspective of an immigrant coming to the U.S. Use/ mention the following vocab. words, Steerage, nativism, ethnic, and Angel or Ellis island Your letter should answer the following questions What country are you coming from and why are you leaving? What do you hope to achieve in America and where are you going to live? What was your experience like on Ellis Island or Angel Island? Use your notes / the power point to write this

Chapter 13 section 2 Urbanization

Growth of cities The physical appearance of cities changed dramatically. As land prices went up so did the emphasis on building Skyscrapers began to dot city sky line Louis Sullivan was the mind behind this movement.

Separation of classes High society: A small group in society established fashionable districts. Middle class: Generally workers in the industrial factories. Eventually they would move from the central city to escape the pollution. The working class: People who lived and worked in an urban environment, their major goal was to own a home. Lived in dark multi family apartments., Known as tenements.

Urban problems Crime was a growing problem in cities. both major and minor crimes grew. Jacobb Riiis brought these issues along with housing problems in the other half.

Political machines As cites grew so did the corruption of local government. Political machines: were informal political group designed to gain an keep power because cities grown faster the government New city dwellers needs homes and jobs. The party bosses who controlled these machines were able to provide this. In exchange for votes.

Warm-up Have your 13-2 and 13-3 notes out to be checked. Make sure you have your video notes out as well. On your video notes explain to me how the information we studied about the growth of business and industry helped lead to the modern urban city.

Page 455 What is a graft? A graft is obtaining money through dishonest means Fraud is a system put in place to control an election or obtain money. Who are the most powerful party bosses at the time, how did they get to power? William tweed had gained control of the most city services in New York George Plunkitt, made money through his idea of an honest graft. He would buy property ahead of government, and charge higher prices.

Chapter 13 section 3 The guilded age

Gilded age The term was refined by the works of the popular Mark Twain The term refers to an item that looks like gold on the outside but is really cheap on the inside. Twain used this concept to refer to America at this time. The rich made things look good but in reality society was poor.

Social Darwinism A gentlemen by the name of Herbert Spencer took Charles Darwin’s idea of evolution and applied it to American society. This theory backed the concept of Laissez Faire and explained the social classes. People were simply poor, because they could not adapt to change as well as the rich.

Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth Carnegie took the idea of Social Darwinism and adapted it to his own ideas about society. It was his belief that those who were more fortunate should help the poor, instead of take advantage of them.

Finish the notes we started last class. What is the civil service? How do we know as a country that we have to reform the civil service? How do we fix it?

Civil service Civil service: A government position where a candidate is placed on their qualifications, than there status in the community. James Garfield was killed by someone who was upset by not getting the position they wanted. Pendleton Act: Requires that candidates for a position pass a written exam to qualify for a position.

Who will help the poor? End of section 3 you can stop taking notes Read pages Answer the following: What ideas or philosophies exist for helping the poor? What people or organizations are making the effort to help and what are they doing.(give four examples)

In short What do you think the term populism refers to? Why might it be important when we consider the period of immigration?

Chapter 13 section 4 Populism

Where does the populism movement start? What are economic conditions that lead to populism?(Refer to the end of the civil war, green backs, inflation, deflation) Who does the Government send to help the local farmers, what is his solution? Why does the Farmer’s Alliance form what is it’s purpose.