3. Intro 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

4. Section 1-5 Europeans Flood Into the United States By the late 1800s, most European states made it easy to move to America.  By 1900, eastern and southern Europeans made up more than half of all immigrants.  Of the 14 million immigrants who arrived between 1860 and 1900, many were European Jews.

5. Section 1-6 America offered immigrants employment, few immigration restrictions, avoidance of military service, religious freedom, and the chance to move up the social ladder.  The 14-day trip usually ended at Ellis Island, a small island in New York Harbor.

6. Section 1-7

7. Section 1-8 Most immigrants settled in cities.  They lived in neighborhoods that were separated into ethnic groups.  Here they duplicated many of the comforts of their homelands, including language and religion. 

8. Section 1-10 Asian Immigration to America Severe unemployment, poverty, and famine in China; the discovery of gold in California; the Taiping Rebellion in China; and the demand for railroad workers in the United States led to an increase in Chinese immigration to the United States in the mid-1800s.  In Western cities, Chinese immigrants worked as laborers, servants, skilled tradesmen, and merchants.  Some opened their own laundries.

9. Section 1-13 The Resurgence of Nativism The increase in immigration led to nativism, an extreme dislike for foreigners by native-born people and the desire to limit immigration.  Nativism led to the forming of two anti-immigrant groups.

10. Section 1-14 The American Protective Association was founded in 1887.  The party’s founder, Henry Bowers, disliked Catholicism.  He wanted to stop Catholic immigration. In the 1870s, Denis Kearny, an Irish immigrant, organized the Workingman’s Party of California.  This group wanted to stop Chinese immigration.  Racial violence resulted.

11. Section 2-5 Americans Migrate to the Cities The urban population of the United States grew from about 10 million in 1870 to over 30 million by 1900.  Farmers began moving to cities because of better paying jobs, electricity, running water, plumbing, and entertainment.

12. Section 2-7 The New Urban Environment Housing and transportation needs changed due to the increase in the amount of people living in cities.  As the price of land increased, building owners began to build up.  Skyscrapers, tall steel frame buildings, were constructed for this reason. 

13. Section 2-8 In the late 1800s, various kinds of mass transit developed to move large numbers of people around cities quickly.  Beginning with the horsecar, and later to the more sophisticated electric trolley cars and elevated railroads, engineers created ways to move the ever-expanding population around the city.

14. Wealthy families lived in the heart of the city where they constructed elaborate homes.  Section 2-10 Separation by Class Definite boundaries could be seen between where the wealthy, middle class, and working class people lived. 

15. The middle class, which included doctors, lawyers, engineers, and teachers, tended to live away from the city.  The majority of urban dwellers were part of the working class who lived in city tenements, or dark and crowded multi-family apartments.

16. Section 2-12 Urban Problems The growth of cities resulted in an increase in crime, fire, disease, and pollution.  Native-born Americans blamed immigrants for the increase in crime.  Contaminated drinking water from improper sewage disposal resulted in epidemics of typhoid fever and cholera.

17. The political machine, an informal political group designed to gain and keep power, provided essentials to city dwellers in exchange for votes.  Party bosses ran the political machines.  Section 2-14 Urban Politics A new political system was needed to cope with the new urban problems. 

18. George Plunket, an Irish immigrant, was one of New York City’s most powerful party bosses.  The party bosses had tight control of the city’s money.

19. Section 2-15 Many of the politicians became wealthy getting money through dishonest or questionable means.  The most famous New York Democratic political machine was Tammany Hall.  During the 1860s and 1870s, Tammany Hall’s boss was William M. Tweed.  He was arrested for corruption and sent to prison in 1874.

20. Moment in History 2 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

21. M/C 1-1a

22. M/C 1-2

23. M/C 4-1a

24. M/C 4-3

25. Why It Matters Transparency