1. Immigration
Describe the arrival of thousands of European and Asian immigrants to the United States after the Civil War.
Explain the impact of immigration and industrialization on the growth of cities.

2. In the 30 years following the Civil War, city populations tripled due to immigrants entering the US and farmers leaving their farms and moving to cities.
The Big Idea

3. Immigration
More than half of all immigrants were from eastern and southeastern Europe.

5. Europeans Come to the US
Getting to the US was sometimes a tough journey. Boats were loaded up to max capacity.
At Ellis Island, they were given health tests, IQ tests etc. If everything looked good, they were let into America. 90% got in.

6. SAFETY BREAK
The Statue of Liberty and Immigration

8. Asian Immigration to America

9. First wave of Chinese came as a result of the California Gold Rush
Many came later to work on railroads on the West Coast.
They came to America to escape poverty, unemployment, and famine in China.

10. Angel Island
Upon arriving to the West Coast, Asian immigrants were processed at Angel Island.

11. The Resurgence of Nativism
Increase in immigration created a feeling of nativism among Americans, or a preference for native-born people and a desire to limit immigration.
People that were discriminated against: Asians, Jews, eastern Europeans, Catholics.

12. Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, a law that banned Chinese from entering the country (lasted for 60 years).

13. Urbanization
More cities appeared and population in those cities increased.

14. Separation by Class
Wealthy people lived in neighborhoods separate from working class people.

15. 3 out of 4 people in NY squeezed into tenements, dark, crowded multi-family apartments.

16. Diagram of a dumbbell tenement, c. 1879 Illegal by 1901

17. Many families sent their children to work in factories to help with rent.
Problems in the city included crime, violence, fire, disease, and pollution.

18. The New Urban Environment
With new steel frames, buildings could be built much taller.
Skyscrapers appear. City starts growing up instead of out.

19. Growth of American Cities
But despite difficult living conditions, most immigrants saw their new American life as an improvement over their old one.