THE MODERN ERA 1750 – 1900 Overview (Periodization Question: Why 1750 –1900?)

C HANGES IN G LOBAL C OMMERCE, C OMMUNICATION AND T ECHNOLOGY Patterns of World Trade Who, where, what, how in 1750? What will and won’t change by 1900?

C HANGES IN G LOBAL C OMMERCE, C OMMUNICATION AND T ECHNOLOGY Modes of Transportation/ communication Impact of railroad, steam, telegraph Suez Canal, Panama Canal

S UEZ C ANAL Suez canal opened in Who was Muhammad Ali? -Why did France & Britain get to finance this effort? -Why do you think France/Britain wanted the canal?

C HANGES IN G LOBAL C OMMERCE, C OMMUNICATION AND T ECHNOLOGY Industrial Revolution Origins of I.R. – where, what and when Rationale of capitalism – Adam Smith Impact of I.R. on time, family, work, labor Relationship of nations during I.R. Intellectual responses to I.R. – Marxism, socialism

D EMOGRAPHIC AND E NVIRONMENTAL C HANGES Migration – Immigration Why? Where?

D EMOGRAPHIC AND E NVIRONMENTAL C HANGES End of Atlantic Slave Trade New Birthrate Patterns Disease prevention and eradication Food Supply

C HANGES IN S OCIAL AND G ENDER S TRUCTURE Industrial Revolution Commercial developments Tension between work patterns and ideas about gender Emancipation of Serfs and Slaves

C HANGES IN S OCIAL AND G ENDER S TRUCTURE Women’s emancipation movements

D IVERSE I NTERPRETATIONS Modernization theory debates Why Modernize? Can you force a nation to do it? Name locations where Modernization = Nationalism. Why? Cause of serf and slave emancipation? Need to Industrialize? End of Extreme Ethnocentrism? Racism? Nature of women’s roles at the time in industrial areas? In colonial societies? Elite versus lower class?

P OLITICAL R EVOLUTIONS AND I NDEPENDENCE M OVEMENTS Latin American Independence Movements Why? Simon Bolivar

P OLITICAL R EVOLUTIONS AND I NDEPENDENCE M OVEMENTS Revolutions Why Revolution now? Where? United States (1776) France (1789) Haiti (1803) Mexico (1910) China (1911) Common characteristics? Differences?

N EW P OLITICAL I DEAS Rise of Nationalism Growth of Nation-states/ empires

N EW P OLITICAL I DEAS Movements of Political Reform Jacobins in France Taiping Rebellion in China

N EW P OLITICAL I DEAS Rise of Democracy and its limitations Reform (liberalism) Conservatism Women’s Rights (Feminism) Racism Social Darwinism Herbert Spencer

R ISE OF W ESTERN D OMINANCE Patterns of Expansion Imperialism and Colonialism African continent, much of Asia, and Oceania Ethiopia and Siam Hawaii and New Zealand

R ISE OF W ESTERN D OMINANCE What were the Berlin Conference & the Scramble for Africa? How did it effect native Africans?

R ISE OF W ESTERN D OMINANCE Economic, Political, Social, Cultural, & Artistic

R ISE OF W ESTERN D OMINANCE Cultural and Political Reactions to western dominance (reform, resistance, rebellion, racism, nationalism) Japan– Commodore Perry and Meiji Restoration -Why does Japan accept Perry’s offer? Russia– Reforms and Rebellions -Crimean War? Siam and Ethiopia-- defensive modernization China--Boxer Rebellion/Taiping Rebellion [ideals of Taiping?] Islamic and Chinese responses compared -Ottoman Reforms? “Sick Man of Europe” -Why does Europe help and hurt Ottomans? Impact of Changing European Ideologies on Colonial Administrations

C OMPARISONS Industrial revolution in western Europe and Japan (causes and early phases) Revolutions (American, French, Haitian, Mexican, and Chinese) Reaction to foreign domination in Ottoman empire, China, India and Japan.