1. Unit II: Modern Imperialism -“The World Revolution of Westernization - “New Imperialism” -Motives – Push and Pull Factors -The “White Man’s Burden” scientific racism Case Studies -Imperialism and China -Imperialism and India -Imperialism and Africa -U.S. and Japan: “new” imperial powers -Anti-colonial nationalism

2. Question – See RGH, p. 143 “Who, for that matter, was morally entitled to reshape the world in their own image?”

3. Defining “imperialism” Imperialism is “the extension of political rule by one people over other, different peoples, often by conquest” Howard Spodek “The New Imperialism” refers to the domination of European powers—and later the United States and Japan—over subject lands in the larger world in the last half of the 19th century.” TE

4. “Trading post empires” c. 1700 “Trading post empires”  modern imperialism

5. Asia by 1914….

6. The Atlantic World

7. Africa by 1914 “Before the Scramble”-1878

8. Oceania by 1914 Imperialism and the World 1914

9. Percentage of world controlled by colonial empires c. 1914 84% Britain 21.5 U.S. 7.6 Russian 15 Chinese 6 French 7.7 Ottoman 1.5 Spanish 1 Japanese 0.4 Independent 29.8 Others: Portuguese 1% Dutch 1.4% German 1.6% Italian 1.8% Belgian 1.6%

10. What made modern imperialism “modern” or “new”? Motives – Push and Pull Factors Tools – “economy empires” (RGH #27) Justifications – “White Man’s Burden”

11. Motives for modern imperialism “Push Factors” Economic: The importance of securing raw materials for industrialization and markets Political: Nationalism - Continuing competition among European powers Strategic: Control of sea lanes Rubber trees, Africa

12. “Pull Factors” Political Instability “Backward and offensive customs” Economic restrictions Collaboration with indigenous peoples Adventure – “It’s a guy thing” (See RGH #29)

13. Tools of modern imperialism Superior weaponry Superior means of transportation and communication Control of world’s oceans “economy empires” Suez Canal “Black Ships” in Japan

14. Justifications for modern imperialism The “civilizing mission” The “white man’s burden” Scientific racism

15. Scientific racism / Social Darwinism Social Darwinism was the application of Darwin’s ideas to human societies Herbert Spencer: There are stronger and weaker races and the stronger dominate the weaker The use of “science” to rationalize imperial domination

16. The “White Man’s Burden” Rudyard Kipling RGH #25 What words are used to describe the colonizers? What words are used to describe the colonized?

17. “The first step towards lightening The White Man’s Burden is through Teaching the virtues of cleanliness. “ Pear’s Soap is a potent factor in brightening the dark corners of the earth as civilization advances while amongst the cultured of all nations it holds the highest place—it is the ideal toilet soap.”

18. New Imperialism - Four Points 1. An “orgy” of overseas conquests (84% of the world occupied by colonial power) – See chart in RGH, p. 111. 2. Rise of nationalism colonies as “status symbols” new countries find “their place in the sun”- Germany, Italy, Japan, US increased political competition and militarization economic competition as imperialism spreads “get it while you can and keep others out”

19. New Imperialism – Four Points 3. Remaking the World Order – World Revolution of Westernization new global division of labor subsistence to commercial agriculture local people drawn into global network self-sufficiency to interdependence western economic dominance

20. New Imperialism – Four Points 4. Change of Attitudes – admiration of other cultures to contempt cultural superiority racism “White Man’s Burden”