1. AP World History Review Period 5: Industrialization & Global Integration c. 1750 CE – c. 1900 CE
Bill Strickland
East Grand Rapids High School
East Grand Rapids, MI

2. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
Industrialization fundamentally changed how goods were produced.
IR caused by a variety of factors
Europe’s location on Atlantic ocean
geographical distribution of coal, iron, & timber
European demographic changes & urbanization
improved agricultural productivity
legal protection of private property
abundance of rivers and canals
access to foreign resources
accumulation of capital.

3. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
Industrialization fundamentally changed how goods were produced.
IR caused by a variety of factors
Development of Machines & reliance on fossil fuels
Factory system
Global spread → Europe, U.S., Russia, Japan
“2nd Ind Rev” steel, chemicals, electricity after c.1850

4. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
New trade patterns further integrated global economy.
Industrialists sought raw materials & new markets
Need for raw materials & food supplies to feed rising populations → export economies: economy based around single natural resource (e.g. cash crops)
New financial institutions developed to facilitate global investments
Adam Smith: Wealth of Nations: capitalism
Stock markets, insurance, corporations
Some businesses grew to global scale

5. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
New trade patterns further integrated global economy.
New financial institutions developed to facilitate global investments
New developments in transportation:
Railroads, Steamships, Telegraphs, Canals

6. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
Responses to Capitalism
Industrial states:
Workers organized
Protests against exploitation of workers
Alternate visions of society offered
Some non-industrial states resisted changes, attempted to maintain pre-industrial forms of production
Some states sponsored their own state-sponsored industrialization plans
Meiji Japan, Russia’s Trans-Siberian RR, Muhammad Ali’s cotton textile industry.

7. 5.1: Industrialization & Global Capitalism
Responses to Capitalism
Industrial states:
Workers organized
Protests against exploitation of workers
Alternate visions of society offered
Some non-industrial states resisted changes, attempted to maintain pre-industrial forms of production
Some states sponsored their own state-sponsored industrialization plans
Meiji Japan, Russia’s Trans-Siberian RR, Muhammad Ali’s cotton textile industry.

8. 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-State Formation
Industrializing powers established transoceanic empires

9. 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-State Formation
Imperialism influenced state formation and contraction around the world.
Existing colonial powers strengthened existing empires
Europeans, U.S. & Japan established new empires in Asia/Pacific
Spanish & Portuguese influence declined
Scramble for Africa
Settler Colonies
Economic Imperialism (Dollar Diplomacy)

10. 5.2 Imperialism & Nation-State Formation
New racial ideologies, especially Social Darwinism, facilitated and justified Imperialism.

11. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform
Enlightenment thought (questioning established traditions) often preceded revolutions and rebellions.
Voltaire, Rousseau
Intellectuals challenged religion
New political ideals re: “natural rights,” the individual, & “social contract”
Social customs (led to growth of suffrage, abolition, end of serfdom)

12. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform
Peoples around the world developed a new sense of commonality, based on:
Language
Religion
social customs
territory

13. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform
These newly imagined national communities linked this identity with the borders of the state …
… while gov’ts used this idea to unite diverse populations.

14. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform
These newly imagined national communities linked this identity with the borders of the state …
… while gov’ts used this idea to unite diverse populations.

15. 5.3 Nat’lism, Revolution, & Reform
The global spread of European political & social thought, together w/ the increasing number of rebellions stimulated new transnational ideologies/solidarities.
Liberalism
Socialism
Communism

16. 5.4 Global Migration
Migration was influenced by changes in demography in both industrialized and unindustrialized societies
presented challenges to existing patterns of living.
Changes in food production, medical conditions contributed to migrations

17. 5.4 Global Migration Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons.
Work: both voluntary (free) & coerced/ unfree (indent serv, slavery)
Many migrants returned home

18. 5.4 Global Migration
Large scale migration produced a variety of consequences & reactions
Most migrants male, leaving women to adopt new roles
Migrants created new ethnic enclaves in new homelands
Receiving societies not always “happy” re: new immigration