 Recognise cell structures under the electron microscope  Outline the function of the different cell organelles Use the New Biology 1 handout for your notes

Cell organelles 1)Nucleus 2) Endoplastic reticulum 3) Golgi apparatus 4) Mitochondria 5) Chloroplasts 6) Lysosomes 7) Ribosomes 8) Centrioles  You have 5 minutes to read up on your organelle  You must be able to teach everyone else in the group about your organelle

Structure  Largest organelle  Spherical  Dark patches=chromatin  Surrounded by nuclear envelope  Composed of 2 fluid filled membranes  Has nuclear pore- allows large molecules through  Nucleolus inside Function  Contains genetic material  Chromatin consists of DNA and proteins  Contains instructions for making proteins  When cells divide, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes  Nucleolus makes RNA and ribosomes.

Structure:  Consists of flattened membrane-bound sacs - cisternae which are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane.  RER- Ribosomes  Smooth ER- no Ribosomes Function: Smooth ER- Involved in making Lipids RER- Transports proteins made on attached ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus Structure:  Stack of membrane-bound, flattened sacs Function:  Receives proteins from the ER  Modifies them e.g. adds sugar (Post office)  Packages proteins into vesicles to be transported inside cell or to the outside

Mitochondria Structure:  2 membranes separated by a fluid filled space  Inner membrane is folded to form cristae  Central part is the matrix. Function  Site where ATP is produced during respiration

Chloroplasts Structure:  2 membranes separated by fluid filled space  Inner membrane is continuous with a network of thylakoids  A stack of thylakoids is called a granum  Chlorophyll molecules are present on these membranes. Function:  Site of photosynthesis  Light energy is used to derive carbohydrate molecules from carbon dioxide.

Structure:  Spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane Function:  Contain digestive enzymes which break down materials  e.g. specialised lysosome (acrosome) in head of sperm cells helps it penetrate the egg.

Organelles NOT surrounded by membranes  Ribosomes  Centrioles

Ribosome Structure  Very small organelles in the cytoplasm and bound to rough ER  Consist of 2 subunits. Function:  Site of protein synthesis which acts as an assembly line to use mRNA to assemble proteins.

Centrioles Structure  Small protein tubes of microtubules. Function:  Form fibres in cell division known as spindles which separate chromosomes.

Making Cells Make a model of a plant or animal cell out of plastercine You should label the organelles and write a brief function on a cocktail label!!

Group Essay In this question, one mark is available for the quality of written communication. Plant cells are also eukaryotic. Outline the function(s) of each part of a plant cell. (Allow one and a half lined pages). [9] Quality of Written Communication [1] [Total 10 marks]

 nucleus / DNA  1controls, activities of cell / transcription / named activity / cell division;  2contains genetic information that can be transmitted to next generation;  nucleolus  3produces, ribosomes / rRNA;  smooth ER  4makes / transports, lipids / steroids / hormones; A named plant e.g.  rough ER / ribosomes  5protein synthesis;  rough ER  6transport of proteins;  Golgi  7processes, molecules / proteins; AW  8use in secretion;  9lysosome formation;  lysosome  10hydrolytic / digestive, enzymes;  11breakdown, organelles / cell / ingested material;  mitochondria  12formation ATP / suitable energy ref.;

 13aerobic respiration;  plasma (cell surface) membrane  14controls exchange between cell and environment / selectively permeable; R water  15receptors for, cell recognition / attachment;  16fluid to allow, endocytosis / exocytosis;  cell wall  17gives, cell shape / strength / support;  18prevents bursting (when water enters cell by osmosis);  19fully permeable;  chloroplast  20photosynthesis;  21chlorophyll / pigment, absorbs light;  vacuole / tonoplast  22reservoir of, salts / sugars / waste / pigment / other e.g.;  23ref. to, turgor / support / controlling Ψ;  starch grain / amyloplast  24storage;  cytoplasm  25site of chemical reaction(s) / correct e.g.;  26AVP;  27AVP;  for further detail of function e.g.protein, channels / carriers, to transport, ions / polar substances, phospholipid (bilayer) transports lipid soluble substances ref. waterproofing cell wall (lignin / suberin) mitochondria involved in lipid synthesis addition of carbohydrate to protein to form glycoprotein plasmodesmamax 9  QWC - clear, well organised answer, using specialist terms;1  [10]