1. What is actually found inside cells?
Cell Structure
What is actually found inside cells?
STARTER: Compare the structure of these cells.

2. Compare and contrast...the structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Cell types are categorised broadly as either Prokaryotic cells or Eukaryotic Cells

3. A cell whose major organelle’s are contained within membranes
Have a proper Nucleus
Usually have Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus, Chloroplasts etc
Eukarotes include Animals, Plants and Fungi
Eukaryotic Cells

4. Prokaryotic Cells Cells contain no Nucleus
No membrane-bound organelles
Mainly unicellular organisms
Generally less complex than the Eukaryotes
Components float freely within the cytoplasm
Bacteria and Archaea
Prokaryotic Cells

6. Watch the following video and observe the complexity of a simple cell – make notes on any of the organelles that come up

7. Challenge: look at the image. Remember what you can in 2 mins.

8. Nucleus
Largest structure in the cell 10% of cell structure. The darker patches are stained chromatin . This is surrounded by the nuclear Envelope This has 2 membranes with a fluid between them and they contain nuclear pores. It is connected to the ER. Inside the nucleus is the nucleolus .

9. Function
This contains the genetic information in the form of chromatin. This condenses during cell division to give visible chromosomes.
Chromatin is a complex of proteins and DNA.
Proteins regulate cell activities and

10. Nucleolus
Produces RNA and ribosomes which are passed to the cytoplasm to be assembled.

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum structure
Rough (RER) and smooth (SER)
Flattened and folded membranes called Cisternae which are continuous with the outer membrane.
RER –studded with ribosomes.
SER – no ribosomes

12. The RER transports proteins made on the ribosomes for use in or outside the cell.
The SER is involved in making lipids for the cell.

13. Golgi Apparatus
A stack of membrane bound, flattened sacs. Recieves proteins from the ER and modifies them and packages them into vesicles. Some are kept inside the cell, some are secreted (Exocytosis)

14. Lysosomes
Contain enzyme lysozyme which breaks down materials. Eg. White blood cells break down microorganisms. Sperm heads contain lysozyme to break down the egg cell membrane.

15. Chloroplasts
Only found in plant cells and some protoctists. 2 membranes separated by a fluid filled space. Inner membrane is continuous with the thylakoids- these look like piles of plates. A stack of thylakoids = a granum Some granum = grana The chlorophyll is present on the thylakoid membranes and intergranal membranes.

17. Mitochondria Also double membraned – with a fluid filled space
Inner membrane is highly folded to form cristae
Central part is the matrix
Site of Aerobic respiration
ATP (adenosine tri phosphate) production

18. Vacuole Membrane bound
Maintains cell stability by pushing the cytoplasm against the membrane. (turgid)
Filled with water or ‘sap’
Large in plant cells

19. Plasma Membrane Found in all cells
Controls the entrance and exit of molecules
Protein and Lipid

20. NON membrane bound organelles.

21. Centriole Animal cells only No membrane. Small protein fibres.
Take part in cell division as the spindle fibres which move chromosomes during cell division.

22. Ribosomes Not membrane bound.
Some are free in the cytoplasm and some are bound to the ER.
Site of protein synthesis where amino acids are assembled.

23. Task
Complete the card sort to match structure to function and the correct image.