1. Organelles: Structure and Function

2. Learning objectives Classify different cell types
Describe the structure and function of organelles
Explain how structure and function are related
Home learning: Prepare Bellringer sheet for next lesson: Electron Microscopes

3. Name the cell type
Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cell

4. Cell type classification
Prokaryotes (pro- = “before”):
No Nucleus
Kingdom bacteria, cyanobacteria
Eukaryotes (eu- = “true”):
Nucleus
Found in all other organisms in the Kingdoms
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

5. Cell organelles Cell surface membrane
Nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleolus
Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)
Golgi apparatus (Golgi complex, Golgi body)
Mitochondria (including small circular DNA)
Ribosomes (differentiate 80S and 70S)
Lysosomes
Centrioles + Microtubule
Chloroplasts (including small circular DNA)
Cell wall and plasmodesmata
Large permanent vacuole and tonoplast
Draw an organelle from the pot
You have 10 minutes to read up on your organelle and prepare a short presentation

6. Plant Cell
A – Tonoplast B – Large Vacuole C- Cell wall D – Cell membrane E – Chloroplast F – Nucleus F1 – Nuclear pore F2 – Nucleolus F3 – Chromatin F4 - Nuclear envelope G – RoughER w/Ribosomes H – Golgi Apparatus I – Mitochondrion

8. Animal cell A – Nuclear pore B – Nucleolus C – Nuclear envelope
D – Golgi apparatus
E – Cell membrane
F – Microtubules
G – Mitochondrion
H - rER

9. Name Function Cell wall Large Vacuole Chloroplast Mitochondria
Made of cellulose, a polymer of -glucose. It gives strength and shape to the cell and is totally permeable. Have openings called Plasmodesmata that connect neighbouring cells.
Large Vacuole
Contains cell sap – a solution of mineral salts, sugars, oxygen, carbon dioxide, enzymes, pigments and waste products. It helps regulate osmotic properties of the cell.
Chloroplast
Bound by a double membrane or envelope. The inner layer is folded into lamellae. Thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll and are the site of the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. The gelatinous matrix, the stroma, is where the light independent stage of photosynthesis takes place.
Mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration – link reaction, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
Tonoplast
Surrounds the vacuole and regulates entry/exit of substances into/out of the vacuole
Cell membrane
Regulates entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell
Golgi apparatus
It is here that proteins manufactured in the cell are modified.
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
Its surface is covered with ribosomes. Here, newly manufactured proteins pass along the cisternae towards the Golgi apparatus.
Nucleus
Contains the chromatin. Controls the activities of the cell.
Nucleolus
Ribosomes are made here
Ribosomes
Sites of protein synthesis. Consist of 2 subunits.
Lysosomes
Spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane. Contain digestive enzymes which break down materials
Centrioles
Small protein tubes of microtubules.

10. Project Due Tuesday 28th
Produce an annotated posters displaying an animal or a plant cell.

12. [10]

13. x x x x
Group Essay 10

14. nucleus / DNA
1 controls , activities of cell
2 contains genetic information that can be transmitted to next generation;
nucleolus
3 produces , ribosomes / rRNA;
smooth ER
4 makes / transports , lipids / steroids / hormones; A named plant e.g.
rough ER / ribosomes
5 protein synthesis;
rough ER
6 transport of proteins;
Golgi
7 processes , molecules / proteins;
8 use in secretion;
9 lysosome formation;
lysosome
10 hydrolytic / digestive , enzymes;
breakdown , organelles / cell / ingested material;
mitochondria
12 formation ATP / suitable energy ref.;
13 aerobic respiration;
plasma membrane
14 controls exchange between cell and environment / selectively permeable;
15 receptors for , cell recognition / attachment;
16 fluid to allow , endocytosis / exocytosis;
cell wall
17 gives , cell shape / strength / support;
18 prevents bursting (when water enters cell by osmosis);
19 fully permeable;
chloroplast
20 photosynthesis;
21 chlorophyll / pigment , absorbs light;
vacuole
22 reservoir of , salts / sugars / waste / pigment
cytoplasm
25 site of chemical reaction(s)
Clear, well organised answer, using specialist terms; [10]

15. Home learning:
Electron Microscopes