Good Morning! This will all make sense later, so don’t ask any questions! This will all make sense later, so don’t ask any questions! Please have your EOC Packet out, working on Goal 1 - I will be checking this for completion TUESDAY If you received a yellow piece of paper, sit over here If you received a green piece of paper, sit on this side

Discrimination: After Reconstruction – the Civil Rights Movement

Federal troops are withdrawn from the South Black codes are written into law to segregate the races Violence and hostilities erupt from whites  Birth of the Ku Klux Klan  Want to suppress civil liberties like voting from blacks RECONSTRUCTION ENDS

Voting Restrictions: designed to keep African Americans from voting Literacy test:  tested reading ability, often consisted of hard questions, sometimes were given in a foreign language  Used to keep blacks from voting in the South Poll tax:  annual fee that must be paid in order to vote  Used to keep blacks from voting in the South Grandfather Clause:  if your grandfather could vote in 1860, then you can vote  written into law so that if you failed the literacy test and/or couldn’t pay the poll tax, you could still vote  Used to make sure poor, illiterate whites could vote in the South MEANS OF DISCIMINTAION

Segregation: separation based on ethnicity Black codes:  used to restrict the civil liberties of blacks; ruled unconstitutional under 14 th amendment Jim Crow Laws  laws used to segregate the races  used primarily in the South to keep blacks “in their place”  Examples of things that were segregated in the South: Schools, buses, church, businesses, sidewalks, water fountains, drink machines, waiting rooms, etc.

Minstrel Shows and Jim Crow minstrelsy embodied racial hatred minstrel shows were the first form of musical theatre that was 100% American-born and bred In 1828, Jim Crow was born. He began his strange career as a minstrel caricature of a black man created by a white man, Thomas "Daddy" Rice, to amuse white audiences. By the 1880s, Jim Crow had become synonymous with a complex system of racial laws and customs in the South that enabled white social, legal and political domination of blacks. Blacks were segregated, deprived of their right to vote, and subjected to verbal abuse, discrimination, and violence without redress in the courts or support by the white community. -The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Separate but equal doctrine (can be separated as long as equal facilities are provided) Said to not violate the 14 th amendment Legalizes segregation for 60 years

RACE RELATIONS Racial etiquette: informal rules and customs that governed interactions between whites and blacks.  Ex: no handshaking, blacks must yield to whites, separate sidewalks, always look down when interacting with a white woman, etc.  Used to regulate blacks in the South & North Lynching: execution without trial  Common tactic used by the KKK to cause fear  4,736 people were lynched between across America Northern Cities:  blacks moved North in search of better jobs and to escape discrimination but they still faced challenges: segregated neighborhoods, labor unions discouraged membership, lower wages, often hired as last resort.

Journalist that wrote about racial injustice Three of her close friends (all businessmen) were lynched Became the leading advocate against lynching EARLY LEADERS Ida B. Wells

Booker T. Washington President of Tuskegee Institute (Vocational School for African Americans) Believed blacks needed to work together and gradually improve conditions Economic and intellectual equality first, then the rest will come Advocated vocational education for blacks Atlanta Compromise: cooperate on economic issues and be separate on social issues

W.E.B. Du Bois Harvard Educated Demanded rights immediately Niagara Falls Convention:  for African American Civil Rights  leads to the NAACP being founded which aimed for equality among all races Felt movement should be led by well- educated African Americans

Native Americans, Mexicans, and Asians also faced discrimination  Mexicans— especially faced low wages and debt peonage Debt peonage – forced work until debt is paid = (slavery essentially) Discrimination in West and South  Chinese— whites feared job competition, leading to segregated schools & communities Chinese Exclusion Act – prevented new Chinese immigrants to the U.S. Discrimination in West OTHER DISCRIMINATION

WhatDefinitionWhat region(s) of the country did it exist or impact? Who were the targets or people affected by it? How did it affect these people? Literacy Test Poll Tax Grandfather Clause

Jim Crow Laws Racial Etiquette Debt Peonage Chinese Exclusion Act