Proton Improvement Plan Bob Zwaska July 7, 2014 All-Experimenters Meeting

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 2 Array of PIP Activities RIL & Linac  200MHz RF Power System High Level RF Linac Modulator 7835 Procurement  Accelerator Physics Simulations and Studies Linac Notch Creation  Utilities Power Distribution LCW distribution Vacuum System Booster  RF Anode Bias Supplies Cavity & Tuner Refurbishment –New Tuners New Cavities 20 th Cavity (ID # 1013)  Accelerator Physics Simulations and Studies Booster Notcher Cogging Radiation Shielding  Instrumentation Beam Position Monitor Dampers  Utilities Power Distribution Vacuum Systems

Linac – High Level Klystron Effort Lots of progress towards the effort to build the first MHz Klystron  Meetings to discuss specifications – reached mutual agreement on them (Fermi, SLAC, and CPI)  The preliminary design review (PDR) milestone was completed  APT Seminar on topic was given March 18  Progressing towards CDR on July 10 th 7835 Procurement (4 year inventory goal)  One new tube purchased in FY14  One additional tube may be purchased next quarter Modulator - Completion of 9 cell prototype (FNAL Design)  Full load current of 325 amps at 8 kV  Slew rate of 20 kV/us at 80 A  Tested with required waveforms  Pulse Width Modulation at 900 V/cell tested Working on ripple - able to reach design goal of 50 V pp  Beginning the buildup of 54 cell prototype  Controls system work progressing

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 4 Linac – Other Tasks Accelerator Physics  Improved DTL lattice translated to TraceWin  Benchmarking results with legacy Parmila code  Worked on MEBT lattice to understand installation of new beam line elements New beam valve Laser notch vacuum chamber  Laser Notch Optical cavity design finished Final prints finished – ready for installation Progress on optical amp – issues with instability (vendor) Utilities  Power Preparations for install of the new (large) L1 transformer Storage of old transformer in lower Linac  Vacuum Shutdown installations  LCW Work on the dual temp system –Reviewed different replacement options –Decided upon roof top unit –Preparing drawings –Planning for shutdown

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 5 Booster – RF Systems Anode Supplies  Preparing for shutdown install Specifications set in early spring; design developed and approved Ordering components –Some items are long lead times –Several items are non-standard –more engineering time to look at alternates Software & controls efforts begun Reviewing testing (MI-60) and install options Schedule is tight for shutdown Bias Supplies (10 supplies)  Upgrade the West gallery Bias supplies (East Gallery Completed) Transformers Heat sinks  One supply completed/tested 2 nd ready for testing 3 rd 50% done

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 6 Cavity and Tuner Refurbishment 10 of 19 stations have been refurbished for 15 Hz  Recent work rate is about 10 weeks per cavity  Additional labor has been supplied to effort New hire is a full time employee New contract technician Training takes several months  Process continues to be refined and documented 4 refurbished cavities needed to be pulled and reworked Taper failure on 2 cavities (not touched in refurbishment) Two early refurbished cavities – failure of flange connection –Resurfacing flanges with mill remedies this problem  Still working on new cone options (to speed up work)

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 7 Cavity Refurbishment - Tapers Additional cavity work added to the refurbishment process: inspection and sometimes repair of the cavity taper. Two stations (RF3 and RF5) have required their downstream taper repaired. The work involves cutting the end of the cavity off, ceramic window replaced, and taper reworked. The first of the reworked taper cavities is undergoing high power testing. This cavity also has the new tuner.

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 8 Present Date Summer Shutdown Working on schedule and testing: 15 Hz testing and shutdowns (this year and next) Need to verify 15 operations – find unknown issues Full 15 Hz system testing and operations can only begin when all installed cavities have been refurbished.

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 9 Tuners – 1 st New Tuner New tuners to integrate with refurbishment process  Accelerates the process, deals with failures  Inventory increases to a non-zero value  Will help reliability/uptime in future running  Reduce worker exposure rates The first new tuner took about 1.5 weeks to build once parts were in hand. But extra time was spent on documenting the procedure. The new tuner has been installed on a cavity and is now undergoing high power testing. The plan is to verify its performance and then place a ferrite order.

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 10 New Cavities Perpendicular Cavity  2 nd Harmonic capture  Transition crossing Design simulations  Exploration of direct liquid cooling  Different garnet geometries  Exploring “radial field”, an alternate to a solenoidal field Work on testing garnets  Better measurements of losses in AL400  Testing of AL800 to begin soon Main RF Cavities Cavity 20 (old prototype parts)  Assembled, ready for tuners Additional Cavities  Additional voltage headroom  Ensure reliability  Develop expertise New Cavities  Long term operations  Higher current operations Working on PIP II+ requirements

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 11 Perpendicular Development Resonance measurements of ferrite Started with TRIUMF design Completed cavity model with magnetic field… Now looking at ferrite packing and cooling options

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 12 Accelerator Physics Lattice smoothing– tune control  Have separated out the ability to change tunes and not impact Beta corrections Added hardware to sum signals from CAMAC cards, modified ACNET software  Accelerate the analysis (beta and coupling) and measurements Notch Absorber  Improving loss capture  Short kickers and new pulser supply Change cogging from radial to magnetic  Aperture limitations, orbit consistency  Make collimation possible during cogging  Optics more consistent cycle-to-cycle  Ability to create notch at injection (even use Linac notch)

Instrumentation Booster BPM system upgrade  Original analog frontend being upgraded to digital 12 channel 250 MHz digitizers 12 channel timing boards VXS-based crates Dampers  Replacing analog frontend with digital hardware Original analog DDS no longer available Greater flexibility and better signal to noise AD C x x CIC Dec CIC Dec BP FIR -45° BP FIR +45° MɸMɸ MɸMɸ CIC Interp CIC Interp x x Σ DA C NCO cos NCO sin NCO sin NCO cos 4*RF ~211MS/s 4*RF ~211MS/s ~25KHz

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 14 Booster Utilities Power Transformers for gallery power  One for East and West  Associated control panels Being prepared for shutdown  Cranes  Safety Vacuum Most hardware purchased  Vacuum pumps  Cabling  Controllers Working on firmware Schedule  Only a portion will be done this shutdown  Penetrations to be opened

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 15 Summary PIP Activities  Continuing in parallel with operations  Cavity refurbishment: 10 of 19 complete Still shooting for completion end of FY15 Requires acceleration of process, possible with new tuners and learned-in labor  Substantial plans for shutdown Utilities, RF system upgrades  Tuning for more efficient operations Looking forward  Major items outstanding: Linac RF, New Booster cavities  Coordination with PIP-II is underway

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 16 Proton Improvement Plan Bob Zwaska July 7, 2014 All-Experimenters Meeting

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 17 The Proton Improvement Plan should enable Linac/Booster operation capable of  Delivering 2.25E17 protons/hour (at 15 Hz) in 2016 while  Maintaining Linac/Booster availability > 85%, and  Maintaining residual activation at acceptable levels and also ensuring a useful operating life of the proton source through The scope of the Proton Improvement Plan includes  Upgrading (or replacing) components to increase the Booster repetition rate  Replacing components that have (or will have) poor reliability  Replacing components that are (or will soon become) obsolete  Implementing improvements or operational changes to reduce beam loss  Studying beam dynamics to diagnose performance limitations Several significant activities are well underway Goals for the Proton Improvement Plan

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 18 Booster 15 Hz Synchrotron Resonant Gradient Magnets Tunable RF Cavities 400 MeV to 8 GeV Beam Input MI-8 8 GeV

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 19 Proton Improvement Plan Development Proton Task Force (PTF) FY10  Initial effort to understand Proton Source Concerns  Focused on reliability and modernization Proton Improvement Plan Workshop – Jan 2011  Review of PTF  Review of additional issues associated with flux Management Structure – 2011 Summer  Established project team and ground rules Planning Structure – 2011 Fall  Managers established for all subprojects Resource Loaded Schedule 2011 Winter  Bottoms-up estimation of all subprojects Detailed Project Organization – 2012 January  Project Management Plan  Project Design handbook  Accounting codes & signature authority

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 20 References A Plan for Delivery of 8-GeV Protons through 2025, Beams- doc-3781, docid= docid=3781 Proton Source Task Force Report, Beams-doc-3660, docid= docid=3660 Proton Source December 2010 Workshop, conferenceid=114 conferenceid=114 PIP Home Page: ad.fnal.gov/proton/PIP/PIP_index.htmlhttp://www- ad.fnal.gov/proton/PIP/PIP_index.html

July 7, 2014 Bob Zwaska All-Experimenters Meeting 21 Path to Higher Proton Throughput Loss reduction  Lower linac emittance RFQ & linac lattice improvements  Apertures & alignment Comprehensive survey of apertures Alignment where necessary (including within girders) Opening apertures where possible  Optics adjustment Comprehensive survey of lattice and coupling Control of tunes and chromaticity Automated orbit and optics smoothing  RF improvements Increased voltage from amplifiers Cavity modification/replacements  Instabilities Dampers  Injection painting Orbit Control  Magnetic Cogging Prerequisite for other work Loss Control  Rework of notching in Booster Perform earlier in cycle New notch kickers and absorber Exploration of full or partial notching in Linac  Collimation system Operate as true, two-stage system Run beam near primary scatterer Optimize primary scatter thickness  Adjust radiation shielding where advantageous