„Moderné vzdelávanie pre vedomostnú spoločnosť/Projekt je spolufinancovaný zo zdrojov EÚ“ Inovácia obsahu a metód vzdelávania prispôsobená potrebám vedomostnej spoločnosti HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY VYPRACOVAL: Mgr.Lucia Findoráková máj 2015

OBSAH The camera obscura Joseph Nicéphore Niépce View from the Window at Le Gras, c. 1826Le Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre Colour photography : James Clerk Maxwell 1883: the first photographic film in rolls Henri Cartier-Bresson

The camera obscuracamera is one of the inventions that led to development of photography and the camera. This name is understood as "darkened chamber or room"; (Latin = camera for "vaulted chamber or room", obscura means "dark").

How does camera obscura work? This device consists of a box or room with a hole in one side. Through this hole it utilizes light from an external scene and projects an image of its surroundings on a screen. Light strikes a mirror inside. This mirror reproduces light and rotates image upside-down (180 degrees ).

JosephJoseph Nicéphore Niépce Since 1813, many artists have been fascinated with newly-invented art of lithography. Niepce was also interested in this graphic technique, but he was unable to draw. He had begun his experiments in Important part of these observations was varnish and his light-sensitive chemical composition. C. Laguiche. Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, ca Ink and watercolor.

His observations of reactions of engravings, copper plates, light-sensitive formulas and camera obscura, popular at that time, lead to the discovery of new medium, photography. Niepce begun to use word „heliograph“, which means drawing with light. In summer 1826, Niépce placed a polished pewter plate coated with bitumen of Judea in camera obscura and uncapped the lens. Camera obscura was placed in front of the window of his upper-story workroom at Niepces country house at Le Gras in Burgundy, France..

Nicéphore Niépce camera, Musée Nicéphore Niépce Exposure lasted eight hours. Subsequently, Niépce removed pewter plate and washed latent image with white petroleum and lavender oil. These chemicals washed away parts of the bitumen that had not been hardened by light during exposure. Due to this washing process latent image was visible.

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce View from the Window at Le Gras, c. 1826e Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center The University of Texas at Austin

Re-Discovery of the World’s First Photograph. Helmut and Alison Gernsheim. “Re-Discovery of the World’s First Photograph.” The Photographic Journal, May Joseph Nicéphore Niépce was decared to be the first photographer much later, in 1952 by historian Helmut Gernsheim. Gernsheim donated the first photograph to the University of Texas at Austin in 1963

Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre Physicist, a scene painter for the opera, an inland revenue officer Invented the fist practical process of photography, called Daguerreotype Successfully shortened the exposure time from around 8 hours to minutes He was interested in light also before, in 1822 he opened Diorama in Paris Diorama was an exhibition of pictorial views based on various lightning effects

After Niepce's death in 1833, Daguerre continued his experiments. He discovered that exposing an iodized silver plate in a camera requires developing latent image with mercury fumes and subsequently fixation by a solution of common salt.

Louis Daguerre, The Artist's Studio, 1837, daguerreotype This discovery resulted in a lasting image, permanent and light-resisting. Images were ready not in hours but just in twenty to thirty minutes!

Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple,1838,Paris Earliest known photography of person.

Colour photography : James Clerk MaxwellMaxwell Maxwell‘s contribution to photography is based on the additive theory. According to this theory, all colours of light can be mixed optically by combining in different proportions of red, green, and blue (RGB), the three primary colours of the spectrum. Mixing all three colours results to white hue. TV screens are also based on RGB principle.

1861: the first colour photography This photograph of a tartan ribbon might look ordinary but in fact this was the first colour photography, successfully developed in 1861 by James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist. ( )

1883: the first photographic film in rollsphotographic Simplicity sells! Kodak Company with famous slogan "You press the button, we do the rest" made photography available to everyone. George Eastman (1854 – 1932), founder of the company, introduced the first photographic film in rolls in 1883.

Kodak Brownie Kodak Brownie,the first commercial camera in the market, was introduced in This camera used to be sold at an affordable price for middle-classes.

Henri Cartier-Bresson French photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson is remembered for creating the "street photography" style of photojournalism. He used to take pictures aroun the world. His captured journalistic photos in London at the George VI coronation but surprisingly none of those portrayed the King himself.

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